ABSTRACT
Objectives: To assess the incidence and visual outcome of acute post operative endophthalmitis treated by intravitreal antibiotics. Methods: This Prospective study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University Eye Hospital Hyderabad from November 2002 to October 2010. One hundred and nine patients of acute post operative endophthalmitis were treated with intravitreal antibiotics. The inclusion criteria of the patients was the clinical diagnosis of acute post operative endophthalmitis within 14 days of post operative period and visual acuity better than or equal to hand movement close to face. After enrolment, vitreous tap was carried out followed by intravitreal antibiotics injection. The outcome was measured in terms of clinical resolution of endophthalmitis and post resolution best corrected visual acuity. Results: Of the 109 patients 97 meet the criteria and followed completely were included. Sixty patients [61.9%] had extracapsular cataract extraction [ECCE] with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation while phacoemulsification done in 37 [38.1%] patients. The visual acuity at presentation was 6/60 or worse in 80 [82.5%] patients. Vitreous tap was done in 86 [88.7%] patients. Vitreous biopsy yields an organism in 32 [33%] patients. Coagulase positive were the most common organism. 75 [77.3%] patients received single dose of intravitreal antibiotic. Forty five [46.4%] patients received single antibiotic, ceftazidime while two antibiotics given in 52 [53.6%] patients. Twenty five [25.8%] patients also had oral steroids. Ninety one [93.8%] patients responded to intravitreal antibiotics. Seventy five [77.32%] patients achieved final visual outcome better than 6/60 in meantime of 54.08 days. Six [6.2%] patients developed no perception of light and another six patients [6.2%] referred for vitrectomy. Conclusion: The final visual outcome of the patients with acute postoperative endophthalmitis is strongly associated with the visual acuity at presentation as well as type of infective organisms
ABSTRACT
·AIM: To assess the incidence of refractive error among adult population: a Hospital base study.·METHODS: This Hospital based study was conducted between June 2008 to November 2008 at tertiary referral center, Liaquat University Eye Hospital, Hyderabad. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) was ecorded. Refraction data are based on subjective refraction. Only the right eye of each subject was considered. Hypermetropia was defined as a spherical equivalent greater than +0.5 diopter sphere (DS). Emmetropia was defined as a spherical equivalent between -0.50 and +0.50DS, myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent worse than -0.50DS and a spherical equivalent or worse than -5.00 DS was classified as a high myopia. Astigmatism correction was prescribed in minus cylinder format, and astigmatism was defined as cylinder error worse than -0.50 diopter cylinder (DC) in any axis. ·RESULTS: Eight thousand and four hundred patients were attended the out patients department with age range of 20-60 years. The proportion of men and women was 61∶ 39. Both the rural and urban population were treated. Sixty seven percents of patients has completed their higher secondary education.Of the total 8 400 patients 2 719(32 37%) had BCVA 20/40 or better and remaining 5 681(67.63%) had BCVA poor than 20/40 due to different anterior and posterior segment eye pathologies, and were excluded from study. Of the 2 719 patients 1 065(39.17%) were phakic in right eye and making the 12.68% of total (8 400) examined patients, and remaining 1 654(60.83%) were pseudophakic. The result were analyzed for only 12 68(1 065 phakic ametropic patients) percent of total treated patients in last 6 months. There were 590(55.40% of phakic patients) men and 475(44. 60%) women.Hypermetropia was found in 300 patients (28.20% of phakic ametropic). Six hundred and ninety (64.80% of phakic ametropic) patients had myopia. The incidence of myopia increased significantly with age. High myopes constituted 7%(75) of the study population. Four hundred and five (38.03% of phakic) patients had astigmatism worse than 0.5D cylinder. There were 195(48.15%) men and 210(51.85%) women. ·CONCLUSION: Refractive error is a significant public health problem in our population that may be impact on visual function and activities of daily life. Optimal visual function may be compromised with uncorrected or under-corrected refractive errors.