ABSTRACT
This study seeks to find the correlation between case fatality rates (CFRs) and third-dose vaccination coverage in 244 counties (si/gun/gu) of South Korea during the omicron variant wave. Multivariate regression analyses report that the higher third-dose vaccination rates were correlated with lower regional CFRs, when controlling for age structure. If the thirddose vaccination rate of a county is higher by 10%, it would have a CFR lower by 0.05% (95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.08%). As the number of cumulative confirmed cases in South Korea was 16,353,495 as of April 20, 2022, a lower CFR by 0.03–0.08% is equivalent to 4,394–12,448 lives (8.6–24.4 per 100,000) spared. County-specific characteristics, such as age structure, intensive care unit availability, and the level of non-pharmaceutical interventions may also affect the extent of this correlation. The conclusion implicates the potential role of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in reducing the pressure on the regional healthcare capacity.
ABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Diffusion , Leukoencephalopathies , Pyramidal Tracts , Sepsis , Sepsis-Associated EncephalopathyABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases , Diffusion , Hypoglycemia , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
To characterize the genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) circulating in Korea, 11 BVDV isolates were obtained from 467 field samples collected during 2005~2006 in Korea. All of the BVDV isolates were identified as non-cytopathic (non-cp) BVDV biotypes. The 5' noncoding region (NCR) genes of the isolates were sequenced and analyzed. In total, ten BVDV isolates were typed as BVDV-1 by comparing the genomic sequences to the 5' NCR. One isolate (05R169) showed 98.6% nucleotide sequence identity with the BVDV-2 reference strain and was therefore typed as BVDV-2. Our results indicate that BVDV-1 is the main genotype circulating in the cattle population of Korea.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Base Sequence , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral , Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral , Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral , Genetic Variation , Genotype , KoreaABSTRACT
Several mechanisms about venous flap were proposed. Among them, plasmatic imbibition and early revascularization are supposed to be the most important factors for the survival of venous flap. Many reports about the role of plasmatic imbibition have used silastic sheet or other foreign material to block the plasmatic imbibition so that foreign body reaction might affect the survival of the flap. No experiment has been reported to examine the revascularization directly. We blocked the plasmatic imbibition by marginal resection around the venous island flap and delayed venous island flap and placing it onto the bare cartilage to exclude the effect of foreign body. We also examined the revasularization of the delay and non-delay venous island flap directly using microfil cast. As a result blocking of the plasmatic imbibition markedly decrease the survival of the flap but the survival of delay flap is about five times that of non delay flap. Revascularization was minimal at 1 week postoperative day. It is inferred that plasmatic imbibition is more important than revascularization.
Subject(s)
Cartilage , Foreign Bodies , Foreign-Body Reaction , Silicone ElastomersABSTRACT
Several mechanisms about venous flap were proposed. Among them, plasmatic imbibition and early revascularization are supposed to be the most important factors for the survival of venous flap. Many reports about the role of plasmatic imbibition have used silastic sheet or other foreign material to block the plasmatic imbibition so that foreign body reaction might affect the survival of the flap. No experiment has been reported to examine the revascularization directly. We blocked the plasmatic imbibition by marginal resection around the venous island flap and delayed venous island flap and placing it onto the bare cartilage to exclude the effect of foreign body. We also examined the revasularization of the delay and non-delay venous island flap directly using microfil cast. As a result blocking of the plasmatic imbibition markedly decrease the survival of the flap but the survival of delay flap is about five times that of non delay flap. Revascularization was minimal at 1 week postoperative day. It is inferred that plasmatic imbibition is more important than revascularization.
Subject(s)
Cartilage , Foreign Bodies , Foreign-Body Reaction , Silicone ElastomersABSTRACT
There are some attempts to improve the survival of venous island flap, such as delay procedure and pharmacological agents. This study includes prefabrication of vein which could enhance the survival of the venous island flap. The venous island flap was created by a branch of the central vein in rabbit auricle. At 1.5 cm away from the distal margin of the designed flap, the central vein was dissected and transferred under the random part of the future venous flap for 1 week. The survival of prefabricated venous flap was compared with unprefabricated flap 1 week after the flap elevation. The vasculature in the flap were also visualized by microfil cast. The results were as follows: 1. The prefabrication improved the survival of the venous flap significantly. 2. The transferred veins in the prefabricated flap were well visualized 1 week after the flap elevation. In conclusion, it is inferred that the prefabrication enhance the survival of the venous island flap.
Subject(s)
Silicone Elastomers , VeinsABSTRACT
Cystadenomas are benign neoplasm in which the epithelium demonstrates adenomatous proliferation. Several morphologic variants of cystadenomas have bean described, including papillary-oncocytic, mucous, and seromucous subtypes. Cystadenomas arising from salivary glands are very rare and seromucous cystadenoma of parotid gland has not been reported in Korea so far. Cystadenomas of the parotid gland usually Present as asymptomatic slowly growing mass and those of the minor salivary glands produce smooth nodules that may be compressible. We performed a superficial parotidectomy in a patient with a seromucous cystadenoma. This may be the first report of seromucous cystadenoma of carotid gland in Korea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cystadenoma , Epithelium , Korea , Parotid Gland , Salivary Glands , Salivary Glands, MinorABSTRACT
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a very rare malignant tumor arising in the salivary gland and mainly in the parotid gland. It is highly malignant but asymptomatic, painless and has space occupying lesion sometimes. The metastasis is common(70%) and the prognosis is relatively poor. Although there is no definite treatment modality, the combined surgical intervention and the postoperative radiation therapy has been recommended. We treated a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the palate with local excision, skin graft and postoperative radiation therapy
Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic , Neoplasm Metastasis , Palate , Parotid Gland , Prognosis , Salivary Glands , Skin , TransplantsABSTRACT
Venous island flap has many advantages over other flaps, such as random pattern flap, island flap or free flap. It can cover the defect with wide arc of rotation and does not require vessel anastomosis and arterial pedicle, hence more sites are available for donor. The procedure is a time saving and simple procedure and can be performed even by two operating members. But it is not frequently used because of the poor survival of the flap. In this study, we attempted to allow whether pharmacological or delay procedure can enhance the survival of the venous island flap and the mechanism of the delay flap survival. We devised a model of venous island flap whose pedicle was a branch of central vein on the auricle of Newzeland white rabbit. SOD, allopurinol and SOD and allopurinol were given as pharmacological treatment and delay procedure was carried out to enhance the survival of the flap. For the study of survival mechanism of the delay flap, SOD levels of the delay and non-delay flap were observed by SOD 525 method. The results were as follows: 1. Allopurinol, SOD and, SOD and allopurinol improved the survival of the flap significantly. 2. Delay procedure improved the survival of the flap significantly. 3. The level of SOD in delay flap was higher than that of non-delay flap regardless of the site within the flap or time passage. In conclusion, it is inferred that the administration of allopurinol and SOD and surgical delay can enhance the survival of the venous island flap. In delay venous island flap, increased level of SOD within the flap seem to contribute to the increased survival of the flap.
Subject(s)
Humans , Allopurinol , Free Radicals , Free Tissue Flaps , Oxygen , Tissue Donors , VeinsABSTRACT
The possible complications after parotidectomy are facial nerve palsy, Frey's syndrome, sialocele, salivary fistula, hematoma infection, and flap necrosis. Postoperative sialocele and salivary fistula are relatively uncommon and the management varies. We experienced a rare postoperative complication of excessive and prolonged drainage of saliva after superficial parotidectomy and removal of an necessary parotid gland tumor. The patient could be treated successfully with conservative management such as compressive dressing, restriction of oral intake of irritant food, maintenance of oral hygiene and the use of amitriptyline(antidepressant).
Subject(s)
Humans , Bandages , Drainage , Facial Nerve , Fistula , Hematoma , Necrosis , Oral Hygiene , Paralysis , Parotid Gland , Postoperative Complications , Saliva , Sweating, GustatoryABSTRACT
Trichoepithelioma is a benign tumor showing a high degree of differentiation toward hair structures, occurring either in multiple or solitary lesions. The lesion is seen on the face most commonly. Subcutaneous trichoepitheliorna, also knawn as a giant trichoepithelioma, is a rare, distinctive, benign adnexal tumor with pilar differentiation towards t,he germinative hair bulb epithelium and mesenchyma. Subcutaneous triehoepithelioma contains more prirnitive hair structures and fevrer keratin cysts and is larger and deeper than typical trichoepithelioma. A 64-year-old female had an asymptomatic, ill defined subcutaneous mass on the abdomen for a month. Histopathological findings showed multiple horn cysts and tumor islands composed of basaloid cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Abdomen , Epithelium , Hair , Horns , Islands , MesodermABSTRACT
No abstract available.