ABSTRACT
Introduction: Body image is the percep?on and a?tude one holds toward one’s own body, especially, but not exclusively, one’s physical appearance. The promo?on of posi?ve body image improves people’s quality of life and behaviors related to health. Social factors, sociocultural influences, media pressure, and the pursuit of an ideal body, associated with accomplishments and happiness are among the causes of changes in the percep?on of body image, leading to dissa?sfac?on. There is very less literature on these topics among males and also medical students. Objec?ves: To assess body image percep?on and the influence of sociocultural factors on it and self-esteem among undergraduate students of a medical college. Methods: A cross-sec?onal study was carried out among 192 undergraduate medical students of a medical college from June 2021 to September 2021 using a predesigned pretested self-administered ques?onnaire in English. Results: Out of 200 students included in the study the mean age of study subjects was 19.78 ± 1.39 years, of which,107(56%) were males and 85(44%) were females. The 192 students were classified as Underweight (27(14%)), Normal weight (78(41%)), Overweight (43(22%)) and Obese I (44(23%)) according to Asian WHO BMI classifica?on. BISS scores (which measure body image sa?sfac?on) were the median of the six items a?er reversescoring the three posi?ve-to-nega?ve items which were found to be 5.5(4-7) and 53% of students showed body image dissa?sfac?on. 33% (63 students) of students have thin/low body fat internaliza?on and about 77(40%) have muscular/athle?c internaliza?on.54(28%) students mostly agree about family pressure to a?ain the ideal appearance, 53(28%) feel pressure from peers and 75(39%) mostly agree with influence of media to a?ain ideal appearance. Out of the 192 students,124(64%) showed normal self-esteem, 63(33%) with low self-esteem, and 5(3%) with high selfesteem as per Rosenberg’s self-esteem score. A sta?s?cally significant associa?on was found between BMI and body image percep?on and also between Body image percep?on with sociocultural a?tudes toward the appearance and self-esteem of students. Conclusion: Body image dissa?sfac?on affects young students. In this study, about 53% of the students showed body image dissa?sfac?on. This percep?on of self has mainly been influenced by media (39%), family pressure (28%), and peer pressure (28%). Also, 33% of the students have low esteem with a significant associa?on between Body image percep?on and self-esteem.
ABSTRACT
Context: Reproductive health, a crucial aspect of general health is of significant importance for human development. Lack of awareness, cultural barriers and economic factors prevent them from seeking timely care. Aims and objectives: 1. To determine prevalence of gynecological morbidities among ever married women. 2. To assess the health seeking behavior for gynecological morbidities and 3. To explore factors associated with health seeking behavior Methods and Material: It was community based cross sectional study conducted during January 2011 to June 2012 at Nanded city in Maharashtra including 750 ever married women. Probability proportionate sampling using 30 stage cluster sampling technique was used. Out of 65 wards in city 30 wards were identified and 25 study subjects from each ward were selected by rotating bottle at centre of the ward and continuing survey in the direction of mouth of the bottle. Statistical analysis: Data analysis was carried out with the help of statistical measures, such as percentages, proportion, chi square test and chi square test for trend. Results: Menstrual irregularity 351 (46.8%) was commonestgynecological morbidity. Treatment seeking behaviour was best among women suffering from infertility. There was statistically significant association between types of gynecological morbidities, no. of gynecological morbidities and treatment seeking behaviour. Most common reason of not taking treatment was feeling no need of treatment. Conclusions: Treatment seeking behaviour differs in different type of gynecological morbidities. Commonly women prefer private health facility for taking treatment. Those women with a greater number of gynecological morbidities took treatment from health centre.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pregnancy is a special physiological condition where drug treatment presents a special concern. The rationale for use of drugs during pregnancy requires a careful assessment as in addition to the mother, the health and life of her unborn child also concerns. Research Question: What is the pattern of drug utilization during pregnancy in females of field practice area of Urban Health Centre? Aim: To study the drug utilization pattern during pregnancy. Methodology: 500 pregnant women included in study. A house to house survey was conducted during September 2009 to February 2010. Various study parameters like; educational status, duration of pregnancy, family income per capita per month, number of antenatal visits, self medication practices, number of drugs used, number of herbal/homeopathic drugs used included the study. Results: A total of 972, 864 and 399 drugs, with an average of 6.61, 3.66, 3.41 drugs per pregnant woman were used during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively. Category A is considered the safest category while category X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. A majority of drugs used, were from category A, followed by category B and category D. However, category C and X drugs constituted 4.28 and 0.51% of the drugs used during the third trimester and first trimester, respectively. Herbal/ homeopathic drugs constituted 10.49% (102), 4.86% (42) and 1.94% (5) of the drugs used during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively. It was found that self-medication and homeopathic/ herbal drugs were used more in illiterates, than in literates (p <0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Conclusion: There is a need to educate and counsel the women of child bearing age, regarding the advantages and disadvantages of drug use during pregnancies.