ABSTRACT
Background: Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding [GI] bleeding can be a fatal and life threatening emergency and need emergency treatment to avoid unwanted morbidity and mortality
Objective: To determine the efficacy of Terlipressin in cases of upper GI bleeding due to liver cirrhosis
Methodology: In this case series, there were total 50 cases of upper GI bleed within last 24 hours due to liver cirrhosis of both genders, falling in the age range of 30-70 years, presenting to medical wards and emergency department. Terlipressin was injected in a dose of 1mg every 6 hour. This therapy was given for maximum of 72 hours. The efficacy was labeled as yes when there was no bleeding episode over 12 hours. Data was entered and analyzed by sing SPSS version 21
Results: In this study, there were total 50 cases out of which 35 [70%] were males and 15 [30%] females. The mean age and duration of cirrhosis were 49.45+/-6.85 years and 4.87+/-2 years respectively. The efficacy was almost equal in both genders [p= 0.95]. The efficacy was slight better in age group 30-49 years where 16 [69.56%] out of 23 cases had it [p= 0.12]. The efficacy was significantly better in Class A where 4 [80%] out of 5 cases had it as compared to Class B and C with p= 0.01
Conclusion: Terlipressin has good efficacy in treating upper GI bleed in cases with liver cirrhosis and this is significantly better in cases with Child Pugh Class A
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To find out the percentage of students from Faisalabad Medical University that are currently using Performance enhancing drugs, to find out the types of Performance enhancing drugs that are currently being used by the students and to find out the effects of these performance enhancing drugs on the health of the students
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Setting: 25 students each from 2nd year, 3rd year, 4th year and 5th year studying at Faisalabad Medical University were included in the study
Study Period: January, 2015 to June, 2015
Materials and methods: A total of one hundred medical students were anonymously given a 10-item questionnaire. 25 students each from 2nd year, 3rd year, 4th year and 5th year were involved in the study. The team randomly distributed the questionnaire among the students on alternative days. The completed questionnaire was sealed in envelopes and analyzed
Results: The age of the students completing the Performa ranged from 19-25 years. In the male population the highest use of PEDS was observed in the age group of 22 years, while the lowest use of PEDS was observed in the age group of 19 years. The highest percentage of females that used PEDS was observed in the age group of 22 years as well similar to the male ratio of PEDS use at the high level. The lowest use of PEDS was observed at the age group of 19 and 25 which was 5 % in both age groups
Conclusion: The results indicated that PEDS were used by the male students in a higher percentage as compared to the female students. The Caffeinated energy drinks were used more commonly. The results of this strategic survey have provided for the first-time valuable information about the use of PEDS by students of FMU to achieve desirable effects. It demonstrates that the use of PEDS in the students was high as compared to expected results; especially higher in those male students involved in sports or gym activities specifically bodybuilding athletes