effects of x-rays on the hair follicles, blood vessels, collagen and elastic fibers, of the skin of guinea pigs and the role of vitamin C, a morphological study under light microscope

To observe the effects of x-rays on hair follicles, blood vessels and collagen and elastic fibers of the skin and role of vitamin C. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi from 2008 to 2009. Twenty seven animals were taken and were divided in to three groups. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing three animals each according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 48 hours, 15[th] day and 45 [th] day respectively. A single whole body x-irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy was given. Group C animals were also given injection of vitamin-C intraperitoneally in the dose of 1mg/G/day. Animals were sacrificed under either anaesthesia after completion of their respective periods. Tissues were processed and 4-5 micron thick paraffin embedded sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin for morphology of hair follicles and blood vessels, Masson's trichrome for study of collagen and Van Geison for elastic fibers. Group A served as control. In Group 'B' hair follicles were reduced in size and number of cells per bulb was also reduced, blood vessels were dilated their endothelial cells were swollen lumen was narrow and vessel wall great extent in less than 15 days but there was no sign of improvement in elastic fibers. X-rays have hazardous effects on hair follicles, blood vessels and collagen fiber elastic fiber. Vitamin C minimizes these hazardous effects

role of vitamin 'C' on the thickness of the epidermis after x-irradiation of the guinea pigs a morphological study under light microscope

To study the role of vitamin 'C' on X-irradiated epidermis of Guinea pigs under light microscope. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi 2008 to 2009. Twenty seven animals were taken and were divided in to three groups. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing three animals each according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 48 hours, 15[th] day and 45[th] day respectively. A single whole body x-irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy was given. Group C animals were also given injection of vitamin-C intraperitoneally in the dose of 1mg/G/day. Animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia after completion of their respective periods. Tissues were processed and 4-5 micron thick paraffin embedded sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Decrease in epidermal thickness was observed in Group B1 animals. Which is highly significant [P <0.001] when compared to control. Results of animals of Group B2, and B3 were non significant [P>0.05] when compared to control. Non significant results were obtained when Group C was compared to control group. X-irradiation damages the epidermis and vitamin 'C' minimizes the damaging effects

effectiveness of elastic rubber band ligation technique in cases of internal haemorrhoids

To study the effectiveness of the elastic rubber band ligation technique in cases of internal haemorrhoids. A prospective study. This study was conducted at Jinnah postgraduate medical center Karachi during 2007-2008. a total of 70 patients of varying degrees haemorrhoids of either sex were taken randomly. In 20 out of the 70 cases open Haemorrhoidectomy was performed by low ligation and excision [after due preparation of the patients] and in 50 cases elastic rubber band technique was performed. Tablet Bisacodyl 4-6 tablets stat were given to the patients at night before the procedure. No anesthesia was used. This procedure was performed in Left lateral position or in knee-elbow/jack-knife position. Patients with elastic rubber band ligation method were discharged at the same day [average stay was only for the procedure], with minimum complains, and post operative complications were found negligible [Pain 28, haemorrhage 6%, discomfort 14%]. In contrast average stay in the cases of Haemorrhoidectomy was 5- 26 days and complications ranged between pain and haemorrhage [95%], discharge [15%], retention of urine [10%] and faecal incontinence [15%]. No case of faecal incontinence and retention of urine was observed in cases of elastic rubber band ligation technique. Elastic rubber band ligation as an Out Patient procedure, is effective, economical easily performable, with minimum complications and is without hazards of anaesthesia