ABSTRACT
The aim of amniotomy is to speed up contractions and shorten the length of labor. However, there are concerns regarding unintended adverse effects on the mother and neonate. The aim of current study was to compare maternal and childbirth outcomes of early and late amniotomy with premature rupture of membranes [PROM]. This cohort study was carried out among 200 term pregnant women with singleton fetus and cephalic presentation at shahid Raajaee hospital, Tonekabon, Iran. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square, exact Fisher test and ANOVA using SPSS. version 17.0. Duration of the first stage of labor was significantly longer in the early amniotomy group [15.29 +/- 14.22 hours] as compared with the late amniotomy group [10.27 +/- 5.58 hours] and the PROM group [10.81 +/- 5.30 hours] [P<0.0012]. Higher rates of Cesarean section were found in the early amniotomy group [17.38%] as compared with the others [4/2% in late amniotomy group and 2.37% in PROM group, P<0.018]. Regarding abnormal fetal heart rate [FHR], there was significant differences between early amniotomy group [15.01%] and PROM group [3.36%] [P<0.0001]. There was no significant difference in other neonatal and maternal outcomes between three groups. Regarding current findings, cervical ripening techniques in order to improve the Bishop scores should be applied before amniotomy
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the national Eye Institute refractive error correction quality of life questionnaire [NEI-RQL-42] among Iranian patients with refractive errors. Two samples of patients [n1 = 296, n2 = 95] were consecutively selected from the eye clinic of the Boo-Ali Hospital, Qazvin. A forward-backward procedure was conducted to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42. A homogeneity, stability, and reliability test was conducted for the first sample after a two-week interval. Convergent validity was computed using the correlation between the NEI-RQL-42 subscale scores, National Eye Institute-Visual Functioning Questionnaire [NEI-VFQ-25], and the Short Form-36 [SF-36]. Furthermore, Known-group analysis was performed, to determine the discriminant validity between the subgroups of patients with hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia. Responsiveness to clinical change was tested by administering NEI-RQL-42 on the second sample that was scheduled for surgery. Homogeneity was satisfactory with the Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging between 0.70 and 0.92. The 13 subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 showed a considerable stability in intra-class-correlation [ICC] ranging between 0.70 and 0.89. Positive correlation coefficients were found among all subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 and the other quality-of-life instruments [NEI-VFQ-25 and SF-36]. The NEI-VFQ-25 displayed excellent discriminant validity to differentiate the subgroups of patients, and was found to be responsive to change after the surgical correction at three months. The Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess refractive error correction quality-of-life in Iranian patients. Moreover this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in patients with refractive errors
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Patient Satisfaction , PsychometricsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate computer game's effectiveness in mentally retarded persons. This study was a clinical trial [2004-2005], in which two centers of mentally retarded residential institutions in Tehran were selected on the base of willing to cooperate and easy access. Randomly one of them assigned to case group and the other to control group. And 30 persons selected from each, randomly. Computer game programs were implemented in 12 3-sessional weeks. Attention score calculated using Toulouse-Pieron test, in three sessions: pre intervention, exactly after intervention and 5 weeks after intervention. Descriptive analysis, T test and one way ANOVA, and Repeated measure were used respectively for demographic date, comparing groups and attention score comparing in different sessions. Statistic operations were performed using IBM SPSS 19. The results showed that exactly after intervention, mean attention score was 19.33 and 9.09 respectively in case and control group. The intervention had a significant impact on the attention score [F[1.3, 75.2]=13.7, P<0.001]. And in the stage 3 a decline in the attention score of case group was seen. We can conclude that computer game intervention for 35 sessions could affect mentally retarded person's attention score. But this attention score would be going to decline, 5 weeks after intervention. So this intervention wasn't durable
ABSTRACT
To develop a safety climate questionnaire for use in Iran, and examine its validity and reliability. A 31- item safety climate questionnaire was developed after a scientific literature review and consultation with occupational health and safety experts. 410 workers in several industrial sectors responded to the questionnaire. A 20-item questionnaire measuring safety climate was extracted from the original 31 items. Exploratory factor analyses and inter-item consistency were applied to examine construct validity and reliability. Comparisons of safety climate scores among various groups by age, years of work experience and accident history were used to test discriminant validity. The analysis showed that the safety climate questionnaire loaded on seven different factors: management commitment, safety communication, safety environment, manager's responsibility, risk perception, job satisfaction and safety awareness. These factors explained the 71.5% variance. Coefficients of inter-item consistency met psychometric requirement. Significant differences on some safety climate scales and accidental involvement and job history were detected. Management commitment, safety communication, safety environment are important factors in safety climate measurement in Iranian workers. Safety climate measurement among Iranian workers with this 20-item questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure