ABSTRACT
The aim of amniotomy is to speed up contractions and shorten the length of labor. However, there are concerns regarding unintended adverse effects on the mother and neonate. The aim of current study was to compare maternal and childbirth outcomes of early and late amniotomy with premature rupture of membranes [PROM]. This cohort study was carried out among 200 term pregnant women with singleton fetus and cephalic presentation at shahid Raajaee hospital, Tonekabon, Iran. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square, exact Fisher test and ANOVA using SPSS. version 17.0. Duration of the first stage of labor was significantly longer in the early amniotomy group [15.29 +/- 14.22 hours] as compared with the late amniotomy group [10.27 +/- 5.58 hours] and the PROM group [10.81 +/- 5.30 hours] [P<0.0012]. Higher rates of Cesarean section were found in the early amniotomy group [17.38%] as compared with the others [4/2% in late amniotomy group and 2.37% in PROM group, P<0.018]. Regarding abnormal fetal heart rate [FHR], there was significant differences between early amniotomy group [15.01%] and PROM group [3.36%] [P<0.0001]. There was no significant difference in other neonatal and maternal outcomes between three groups. Regarding current findings, cervical ripening techniques in order to improve the Bishop scores should be applied before amniotomy
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the national Eye Institute refractive error correction quality of life questionnaire [NEI-RQL-42] among Iranian patients with refractive errors. Two samples of patients [n1 = 296, n2 = 95] were consecutively selected from the eye clinic of the Boo-Ali Hospital, Qazvin. A forward-backward procedure was conducted to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42. A homogeneity, stability, and reliability test was conducted for the first sample after a two-week interval. Convergent validity was computed using the correlation between the NEI-RQL-42 subscale scores, National Eye Institute-Visual Functioning Questionnaire [NEI-VFQ-25], and the Short Form-36 [SF-36]. Furthermore, Known-group analysis was performed, to determine the discriminant validity between the subgroups of patients with hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia. Responsiveness to clinical change was tested by administering NEI-RQL-42 on the second sample that was scheduled for surgery. Homogeneity was satisfactory with the Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging between 0.70 and 0.92. The 13 subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 showed a considerable stability in intra-class-correlation [ICC] ranging between 0.70 and 0.89. Positive correlation coefficients were found among all subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 and the other quality-of-life instruments [NEI-VFQ-25 and SF-36]. The NEI-VFQ-25 displayed excellent discriminant validity to differentiate the subgroups of patients, and was found to be responsive to change after the surgical correction at three months. The Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess refractive error correction quality-of-life in Iranian patients. Moreover this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in patients with refractive errors