New concept of schistosomiasis lesions of urinary bladder versus development of bladder cancer

Schistosomiasis haematobium precancerous lesions of urinary bladder included group 1: preneo plastic non papillary [flat] lesions [reactive atypia, flat hyperplasia, keratinizing squamous metaplasia, glandular metaplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in-situ [CIS]] and group 2 preneoplastic papillary lesions [typical papillary hyperplasia, atypical papillary hyperplasia, papilloma]. The present work studied the content of the schistosomiasis precancerous lesions of the urinary bladder using image analyzer, thereby shedding more light on the significance on the early diagnosis of the high risky group. A total of 140 previously diagnosed schistosomiasis urinary bladder lesions [124 precancerous and 16 cancers as controls] were stained by H and E, and Feulgen stain. The mean SPF was high in CIS [22.7], dysplasia [19.6] and low in atypia [7.91]. DNA ploidy, non-diploidy DNA was high in CIS [53%], papilloma, dysplasia and atypical papillary hyperplasia than flat hyperplasia, glandular metaplasia, keratinizing squamous metaplasia and typical papillary hyperplasia that were diploid indicating more tendency and aggressiveness of the first group to turn malignant than the second group

Maturation phenotype of sertoli cells in testicular biopsies of infertile azoospeermic men

The involvement of abnormal Sertoli cell differentiation in different spermatogenic impairments has been studied by an immunohistochemical technique using cytokeratin-18 [CK-18] and anti-vimentin antibody. CK-18 is used as a marker for immature Sertoli cells as it is expressed only in Sertoli cells during prenatal and pre-pubertal differentiation and is normally lost at puberty. Forty two azoospermic men were included in the current study. These included 9 cases with obstructive azoospermia, 8 cases with pure [congenital] type of Sertoli cell only syndrome [SCOS], 12 with secondary type syndrome [SCOS], and 13 with spermatogenic maturation arrest. Vimentin was ubiquitous immunohistochemical marker associated with both normal and impaired spermatogenesis. CK-18 expression was associated with various stages of spermatogenic arrest an[l secondary type of Sertoli cell only syndrome [SCOS]. The expression of CK-18 may be a manifestation of de-differentiation of Sertoli cells or persistence of immature cells. Moreover, useful criteria to predict the absence of spermatozoa in cases of pure Sertoli-cell only syndrome can be obtained by a definite recognition of the typical histological patterns and refined by CK-18 immunostaining aid, especially in difficult cases

Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen and related antigens in some cutaneous diseases

Carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] which has long been believed to be expressed only in the sweat gland and its neoplasms in the skin, is expressed more commonly in normal. Inflammatory and neoplastic skin conditions than previously thought. But, the detail of expression is still little known. To investigate the expression of CEA and CEA related antigens [CEA family] in some cutaneous diseases, we performed immunohistochemical study to detect the antigens in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded biopsy specimens of verruca vulgaris, squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], basal cell carcinoma [BCC], psoriasis vulgaris and eczema using a polyclonal antibody against human CEA family. Expression of CEA family was demonstrated in verruca vulgaris, SCC, psoriasis vulgaris and chronic eczema. No detectable expression was seen in BCC, acute and subacute eczema. All expressions were limited to the keratinocytes in the upper epidermal cell layers. An additional expression was seen in regions of parakeratosis, acanthosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and at the centre of tumour islands in SCC. On the basis of the distribution of this expression, an additional role for CEA family is suggested differing from its roles as tumour markers and adhesion molecules. This role may be associated with the state of differentiation or epidermal keratinocytes; particularly of those which have gained hyperproliferative activity due to inflammatory and neoplastic aetiologies

Umbilical artery velocimetry and fetal biophysical profile in preterm premature rupture of the membranes- noninvasive early predictors of placental inflammation

this study was designed to evaluate the role of umbilical artery velocimetry and fetal biophysical rofile [BP] Iin npredicting placental inflammation in patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes [PROM]. Study design: Fifty singletone pregnant patients at 30-34 weeks gestation with preterm PROM were followed up with daily BPP and umbilical artery Systolic/Diastolic [SD] ratio. After delivery, histological examination of the placentas resulted in the assignment of 18 patients to group I [no inflammation] and 26 patients to group II [numbilical vasculitis]. Six patients with placental inflammation confirmed only to the maternal surface were excluded. Cord PH were assessed for all neonates. the longitudinal trends of fetal BPP scores and S/D ratios from day 7 to day 2 before delivery showed no significant changes in either groups. In the last examination. Day one before delivery, patients with placental inflammation showed significantly lower mean BPP score concomitant with significantly higher mean S/D ratio value as compared with the previous examination. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of BPP score and S/D ratio except for the last examination before delivery. An abrupt increase of 15% in S/D ratio over the previous examination yielded a sensitive sign for prediction of acute histologic chorioamnionitis. it can be concluded that an abnormal BPP score along with an abruipt rise in numbilical SD ratio may be useful as simple noninvasive reliable tools for early prediction of placental inflammation in patients with preterm PROM. Using both tests together on daily basis is more sensitive and accurate than either alone