Impact of supplemental vitamins and natural honey for treatment of COVID-19: A review

Abstract The main aim of the paper is to assess whether vitamin C, vitamin D, and natural honey can be administered in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic for promising in line methods with recent evidence. Both systematic literature and clinical trial identification were conducted by searching various databases. A total 58 articles and 29 clinical trials were selected wherein 11 for vitamin C, 16 for vitamin D, and 2 for natural honey were identified for analysis. The high doses of vitamin C (i.e. '200 mg/kg body weight/day, divided into 4 doses') has been found to reduce COVID-19 lung damage, various flu infections. Additionally, the high doses of vitamin C can shorten around 7.8% stay in the intensive care unit. At the same time, vitamin D can effectively protect from lung injury and acute respiratory infections whereas vitamin D deficiency severely affects 75% of the institutionalized people (serum 25(OH) D < 25 nmol/L). Meanwhile, natural honey which contains proteins (0.1-0.4%); ash (0.2%); water (15-17%) has potential antiviral effects and the ability to improve immunity. Therefore, the administration of vitamins and honey is the promising evidence-based approach for reducing fatalities, saving lives, and bringing the COVID-19 pandemic to a rapid end. It is believed that the utilization of vitamin C, vitamin D, and natural honey with the current treatment may be effective in treating COVID-19-caused fatal complications such as pneumonia. Therefore, high-level clinical studies are required on COVID-19 to administrate the effects of vitamins and natural honey

A clinical study of arrhythmias associated with acute coronary syndrome: a hospital based study of a high risk and previously undocumented population

Background: ACS represents a global epidemic. Arrhythmia in ACS is common. Careful investigation may lead to further improvement of prognosis. Retrospectively analyzed the year- round data of our center. Study was undertaken to analyze the incidence, frequency and type of arrhythmias in ACS. This is to aid timely intervention and to modify the outcome. Identification of the type of arrhythmia is of therapeutic and prognostic importance.Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, from January 2019 to January 2020 with ACS patients. Enrolled consecutively and data analyzed.Results: There were 500 patients enrolled considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample was subdivided into 3 groups on the type of ACS. Group-I with UA, Group-II with NSTE - ACS and Group-III with STE - ACS. Different types of arrhythmia noted. Types of arrhythmia were correlated with type of ACS. 500 patients included. Mean age 55.53±12.70, 71.6% male and 28.4% female. 60.4% hypertensive, 46.2% diabetic, 20.2% positive family history of CAD, 32.2% current smoker, 56.4% dyslipidaemic and 9.6% asthmatic. 31.2% UA, 39.2% NSTE-ACS and 29.6% STE-ACS. Type of arrhythmias noted. 22% sinus tachycardia, 20.2% sinus bradycardia, 9% atrial fibrillation, 5.2% ventricular ectopic, 4.8% supra ventricular ectopic, 2.8% bundle branch block, 2.2% atrio-ventricular block, 1% broad complex tachycardia, 0.4% narrow complex tachycardia, 0.2% sinus node dysfunction and 32.2% without any arrhythmia. Significant incidences of arrhythmia detected - respectively 29.8%, 39.2% and 31%, p<0.001.Conclusions: In conclusion, arrhythmias in ACS are common. More attention should be paid to improve their treatment and prognosis.

Hemoprotozoa and Anaplasma spp. in rodents and shrews of Bangladesh

@#Hemoprotozoans are important pathogens of animals and humans, among which some species have zoonotic significance. The prevalence of different hemoprotozoa and Anaplasma spp. in larger mammals have been reported from different regions of the world. But, very few studies have been conducted to estimate the prevalence of hemoprotozoa in rodents and shrews of South-East Asia. The study assessed the prevalence of hemoprotozoa and Anaplasma spp. in rodents and shrews of Bangladesh. Blood samples (n=451) were collected from rodents and shrews between June 2011 and June 2013 and July-December 2015 from 4 land gradients of Bangladesh. Giemsa-stained blood smears revealed that 13% of animals were harboring hemoprotozoa (4.7% Babesia spp., 0.67% Plasmodium spp.), and Anaplasma spp. (7.5%). The study may serve as a guide for future hemoparasitic research of rodents and shrews.

Dorsal phalloplasty to preserve penis length after penile prosthesis implantation

Objectives: Following penile prosthesis implantation [PPI], patients may complain of a decrease in visible penis length. A dorsal phalloplasty defines the penopubic junction by tacking pubic skin to the pubis, revealing the base of the penis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a dorsal phalloplasty in increasing the visible penis length following PPI

Methods: An inflatable penile prosthesis was implanted in 13 patients with severe erectile dysfunction [ED] at the Kamal Shaeer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from January 2013 to May 2014. During the surgery, nonabsorbable tacking sutures were used to pin the pubic skin to the pubis through the same penoscrotal incision. Intraoperative penis length was measured before and after the dorsal phalloplasty. Overall patient satisfaction was measured on a 5-point rating scale and patients were requested to subjectively compare their postoperative penis length with memories of their penis length before the onset of ED

Results: Intraoperatively, the dorsal phalloplasty increased the visible length of the erect penis by an average of 25.6%. The average length before and after tacking was 10.2 +/- 2.9 cm and 13.7 +/- 2.8 cm, respectively [P <0.002]. Postoperatively, seven patients [53.8%] reported a longer penis, five patients [38.5%] reported no change in length and one patient [7.7%] reported a slightly shorter penis. The mean overall patient satisfaction score was 4.9 +/- 0.3. None of the patients developed postoperative complications

Conclusion: A dorsal phalloplasty during PPI is an effective method of increasing visible penis length, therefore minimizing the impression of a shorter penis after implantation

Knowledge on Care of Autistic Child among the Mother’s Attending Protibondhi Foundation, Dhaka.

Objective: Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism are complex and it is unclear. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to explore the knowledge on care of autistic children among the mother’s attending Protibondhi Foundation, Dhaka. Methods: A total of 385 samples were selected purposively, but due to time and budget constrict it was 150 finally. Data were collected by using an anonymous, pre-tested, semi structured and self-administered questionnaire. Results: The study revealed that more than 50% of the respondent’s were in the age group 16-30 years, majority of the respondent’s were Muslim. Almost 84% of the respondents were SSC-Graduate and majority of them (nearly 50%) were housewife .The monthly family income was ranged between Taka 25,001-50,000 and its percentage was 53.3%. The knowledge about type of autism is very low, the data showed that only two types of autism they knew and the respondent’s knowledge about the risk factor was also very low; only 24% of the respondents had knowledge about complications during pregnancy and delivery related risk factors. About 28% needed physiotherapy, 30% needed occupational therapy, 34% needed speech therapy & 44.7% needed psychotherapy. Here significant association was found between age, education and knowledge about autism (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overall knowledge on care of autistic child was not satisfactory among respondents.

Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Same Sitting.

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the primary procedural success of Multivessel Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction at the same sitting. Methods: Total 23 (13.4%) patients were enrolled in this very preliminary study, among the total 171 patients who had primary PCI at our center from Jan 2010 to February 2015. Among them, Male: 20 and Female: 3. Total 52 stents were deployed in 46 territories. Mean age were for both male and female were 54 yrs. Associated coronary artery disease risk factors were Dyslipidemia, High Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, positive family history for coronary artery disease and Smoking. Results: Among the study group; 17(74%) were Dyslipidemic, 11(47.8%) were hypertensive; 8(34.8%) patients were Diabetic, positive family history 4(17.4%) and 9(39%) were all male smoker. Female patients were more obese (BMI: M 26: F 27). Common diagnosis at admission based on ECG evidence was; Inferior wall myocardial infarction: 12 (52.2%), Anterior wall myocardial infarction 9(39.1%) and lateral 2(8.7%). Common stented territory was left anterior descending artery 9(39.1%), right coronary artery 7(30.4%), and left circumflex artery 7(30.4%). Stent used: Bare metal stent 3 (5.7%), DES: 49 (94.2%). Among the different drug eluting stents, Everolimus 26 (52%), Sirolimus 8(15.4%) and Zotarolimus 9(17.3%), Paclitaxel 2 (3.8%), Biolimus 2 (3.8%), Genous 2 (3.8%). Conclusion: In the current prospective non randomized study, we found that the multivessel primary PCI for ST elevation myocardial infarction with non-culprit vessel are suitable for PCI at the same sitting with better in-hospital and 1 yr survival outcome.

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection of LM and LM- LAD artery in Peripartum or Postpartum Women with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a very rare condition which may result in sudden coronary occlusion, acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. It usually occurs in young women during pregnancy or postpartum period and in most cases it involves a single coronary artery. The exact etiology is unknown. The prognosis of SCAD is uncertain and optimal treatment is unknown. Early diagnosis and treatment are key for survival, and when identified early, mortality rate is reduced.

Significance of ST-segment Depression during Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia.

Background: ST-segment depression in ECG is a common finding during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The exact mechanism and etiology of this ST-segment depression is not always evident. In this study we have tried to evaluate the significance of ST-segment depression during supraventricular tachycardia. Methods: Hospitalized patients for elective electrophysiological study with previous (EPS) history of supraventricular tachycardia with or without ST-segment depression were evaluated clinically, by coronary angiogram and EPS. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods and comparison made between groups with ST-segment depression (Group A) and without ST-segment depression (Group B). Results: Total number of patients was 66. Equal number of patients (33) was in each group. The mean age of patients was 43.8 years. There was female predominance (M:F ratio 2:3). The mean heart rate during supraventricular tachycardia was 161 beats/min. Age, sex, coronary artery disease risk factors and heart rate during an episode of supraventricular tachycardia did not have any significant influence on ST-segment depression. Significant coronary artery disease was found in two patients in Group A and one patient in Group B. Electrophysiological study revealed that Atrio ventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) and AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) were present in 28 (42.4%) and 38 (57.6%) cases respectively. Patients of group A exhibit AVRT significantly more than patients of group B.The sensitivity of ST-segment depression in correctly diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) was 66.7% while the specificity was 50.8%. The sensitivity of ST-segment depression in correctly differentiating AVRT was 83.3% while the specificity was 66.7%. The positive predictive value (PPV) and Negative predictive value (NPV) of the test were 75% and 76.9% respectively. Conclusion: ST-segment depression during episode of supraventricular tachycardia is a poor indicator of coronary artery disease. Presence of ST-segment depression can differentiate AVRT from AVNRT. However, >2 mm ST-segment depression was proved to be an excellent predictor of AVRT.

Comparative Study of Surgical Treatment of Chalazion.

A chalazion is chronic lipogranulomatous inflammatory lesion caused by blockage of meibomian gland orifices & stagnation of sebaceous secretion. Common practices in treatment of chalazion are intralesional steroid injection, incision & curettage and excision of chalazion. Recurrence rate is high for incision & curettage in case of large chalazion. The aim of the study is to established that excision large chalazion give better result than incision & curettage. The study was carried out at Diabetic Association Medical College & Hospital, Faridpur and General Hospital, Fadidpur. A total 100 cases were selected for study. Technique of operation were incision & curettage through conjunctival surface and excision of chalazion through skin surface. In 50 % cases we performed incision & curettage both in small (size <5mm) and large (size >5mm) chalazion. In 50 % cases of large chalazion we performed excision of chalazion. The follow up period was 3 months to 6 months. In group -A with incision & curettage through conjunctival surface, in case of small chalazion 27 out of 30 patients were cured (90%). In case of large chalazion 14 out of 20 patients were cured (70%). In group B with excision of chalazion through skin surface, in case of large chalazion 49 out of 50 patients were cured (98%). So higher success rate after excision of large chalazion through skin surface.

Amblyopia of Refractive Origin: a Clinical Evaluation.

Amblyopia is defined as unilateral or bilateral decrease in visual acuity without any organic ocular lesion. It generally develops during the first decade of life when the visual system is vulnerable to deprivation. Unilateral amblyopia is more common than bilateral and the amblyopic eye is called lazy eye. This study was carried out in Faridpur Medical College & Hospital (FMCH) and Diabetic Association Medical College & Hospital (DAMCH) Faridpur, in the department of Ophthalmology from January - 2010 to December 2012 with a view to establish that anisometropic (Refractive) amblyopia is more in patients with astigmatism with the rule of both hypermetropic & myopic types also astigmatism against the rule in hypermetropic patients but simple myopia is not associated with amblyopia. Clinically diagnosed 110 patients of amblyopia of refractive origin were selected. Age of the patients was 6 to 15 years with male & female ratio 1.2:1. There was no pathology in the eyes except refractive error. Refraction done all the cases and found the following results: 26 cases (23.63%) of simple myopic astigmatism with the rule, 19 cases (17.27%) of compound myopic astigmatism with the rule, 10 cases (9.09%) of simple hypermetropia, 38 cases (34.54%) of simple hypermertopic astigmatism with the rule and 17 cases (15.45%) of compound hypermetropic astigmatism againt the rule. No case of simple myopia was associated with amblyopia. Amblyopia was more in patients with astigmatism with the rule of both hypermetropic and myopic types and also astigmatism against the rule in hypermetropic patients but simple myopia was not associated with amblyopia.

Link between Periodontal Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: Bangladesh Perspective.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an increasingly important medical and public healthproblem, and is the leading cause of mortality in Bangladesh. Besides conventional risk factors and ethnicity, a number of emerging risk factors may explain the undue prevalence of CAD in this population. Periodontal disease (PD) is one of them, with prevalence of approximately 50%. As with many other diseases, PD is associated with CAD, and the association is independent of conventional risk factors. Low socioeconomic condition, illiteracy and ignorance, metabolic syndrome, nutritional deficiencies including hypovitaminosis D presumably contribute to the prevalence of PD in Bangladesh. In fact, PD and CAD share some cardiometabolic risk factors including diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Future research will hopefully explore different aspects of both public health problems, namely, PD and CAD in the country. The information gathered thereby, will help formulate policy to promote good oral health and tackle the deadly epidemic of CAD more efficiently.

Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia with Valvular Aortic Stenosis and Significant Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Report.

Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia is a genetic disorder which usually presents with early cardiovascular disease ranging from premature ischaemic disease, including myocardial infarction to aortic root stenosis. A 21 year old Bangladeshi male presented with exertional chest pain and breathlessness. He was diagnosed as a case of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia. His angina symptoms were due to underlying valvular aortic stenosis which is a rare presentation of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia.

Bioabsorbable Vascular Scaffold: A Revolution in Coronary Intervention.

Since the advent of percutaneous coronary angioplasty in 1977, immense experiment has been done to improve the outcome of the patients with coronary artery disease. Lot of trials have been done with angioplasty, bare metal stents, drug eluting stents, drug eluting balloons and other devices. Bioabsorbable vascular stents are relatively newcomers in this field with a lot of hope. We tried to update the latest status of Bioabsorbable vascular stents in this review, specially the short and midterm safety and efficacy and some of their limitations.

Bioabsorbable Vascular Scaffolds Eluting with Everolimus: for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Patients with de-novo Coronary Artery Lesion: Our Experiences at a Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the primary procedural success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of de-novo coronary artery lesion by using Bioabsorbable Vascular Scaffold (BVS) ABSORB stents eluting Everolimus. Methods: Total 16 patients were enrolled in this very preliminary study of BVS absorb. Among them, Male: 11 and Female: 5. Total 20 stents were deployed. Mean age were for Male: 56 yrs, for Female: 60 yrs. Associated coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors were Dyslipidemia, High Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Positive family history (FH) for CAD and Smoking. Patients were followed up clinically. Results: Among the study group; 13 (81%) were Dyslipidemic, 10(62.5%) were hypertensive; 6 (37.5%) patients were Diabetic, FH 3(18.75%), and 2(18%) were all male smoker. Female patients were more obese [Body Mass Index (BMI) M 25: F 27] and developed CAD in advance age. A common stented territory was for left anterior descending artery (LAD): 6 (37.5%), left circumflex artery (LCX) 5 (25%), right coronary artery (RCA) 6(37.5%). One patient had both LCX and LAD stenting. Total 3 patients had double/overlapping stent in RCA lesion. Territory wise distributions of BVS ABSORB stent were for LAD 6(30%), RCA 9 (45%), and LCX 5 (25%). There was no periprocedural or postprocedural complication. Conclusion: BVS ABSORB Everolimus eluting vascular scaffold showed favorable clinical outcome without any major cardiac events (acute or late stent thrombosis, MI or death) over a period of 9 month. Thus, BVS ABSORB would be favorable alternative to other available drug eluting metallic stents.

Association of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Arterial stiffness assessed noninvasively with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been associated with atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries and also cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between aortic PWV and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted over 200 acute STEMI patients who were purposively selected and agreed to do coronary angiogram during index hospital admission. Assessment of aortic PWV was performed noninvasively with the commercially available SphygmoCor system using applanation tonometry with high fidelity micromanometer on the day before angiogram. Study subjects were subdivided into two groups on the basis of PWV. In group I: aortic PWV was d” 10 m/sec and in group II: aortic PWV was> 10 m/sec. One hundred patients were included in each group. Angiographic severity of CAD was assessed by vessel score, Friesinger score and Leaman score. Results: Vessel score 0 and 1 were significantly higher in group I (p<0.05) where vessel score 2 and 3 were significantly higher in group II (p<0.05).The mean PWV in the group with normal angiographic result was 8.10±2.9 m/sec, and in patients with single vessel disease it was 11.65±3.46m/sec. In those with double and triple vessel disease the mean value of PWV was found 13.85±3.80 and 15.70±4.66 m/sec respectively. The mean value of PWV increased in proportion with the number of vessel involved by CAD and the differences were statistically significant(p=0.001).The mean value of PWV was observed 8.5±2.3 and 12.5±3.7m/sec in insignificant and significant CAD respectively using Friesinger score and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).There was statistically significant positive linear relation between the values of PWV and vessel score(r=.62, p=0.01), Friesinger score(r=.64, p=0.01) and Leaman score(r=.45, p=0.01). Conclusion: Aortic PWV is associated with the extent and severity of CAD. This noninvasive, cheap, radiation free method may be considered as risk stratification tool beyond other investigations.

Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Our Experiences at a Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the primary procedural success of percutaneous coronary intervention of unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis using either Bare-metal stents or drug eluting stent. Methods: Total 33 patients were enrolled in this very preliminary non-randomized prospective cohort study. Among them, Male: 25 and Female: 8. Total 35 stents were deployed. Mean age were for Male: 59 yrs, for Female: 62 yrs. Associated coronary artery diseases risk factors were dyslipidemia, High Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Positive family history for coronary artery diseases and smoking. Results: Among the study group; 26 (78%) were Dyslipidemic, 24(70%) were hypertensive; 17 (51.5%) patients were Diabetic, 11(33%) were smoker and 7(21%) patients had family history of Ischaemic heart disease. Female patients were more obese (BMI M 26: F 27) and developed coronary artery diseases in advance age. Common stented territory were left main: 20 (60%), Left main to left anterior descending artery 7 (22%) and Left main to left circumflex artery 6 (18%). Average length and diameter of stent was 3.5 and 18 mm respectively. Stent used: Bare Metal Stent 5 (15%), Drug Eluting Stent: 28 (85%). Among the different Drug Eluting Stents, Everolimus eluting stents were 11 (39.3%), Sirolimus eluting 10(35.7%), Paclitaxel eluting 3 (10.7%), Biolimus eluting 3 (10.7%) and Zotarolimus eluting1 (3.6%). In the present study, overall survival outcome was 94% (31 patient), mortality of cardiac cause 3% (1 patient) and 1 patient (3%) died of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Our study has shown that percutaneous coronary intervention of the unprotected left main is a safe and effective alternative to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG).

Prevalence of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in School Children of Bharateswari Homes of Bangladesh.

Background: Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continue to affect millions of people around the world, including Bangladesh. Children and adolescents are especially susceptible to this disease. Classical risk factors, i.e. poverty, overcrowding, ignorance and insufficient health care services are responsible for the high incidence and prevalence of these diseases. To assess the prevalence of RF and RHD among children, a school survey was conducted in Bharateswari Homes, in the district of Tangail, Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 947 students were examined. Revised Jones’ criteria (1992), and clinical examination were used for the diagnosis of RF and RHD. Results: Four cases of RF/RHD were found giving the prevalence of 4.22/1000. This is lower than the prevalence reported in eighties, but is consistent with those found in nineties. Conclusion: Among the school children, there is a declining trend in the prevalence of RF/RHD.

The outcome of the severity of diarrhoea in adult hospitalized patients with the assessment of nutritional and socioeconomic status.

Background: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study observed the influences of nutritional status and age on the outcome of severe diarrhoea in adult male patients. Methods and materials: Data were obtained through interview by arranged questionnaire. It is a prospective longitudinal study, where one group of patient was well nourished and other group was malnourished. Results: Significant differences were found in all study factors between malnourished and well nourished diarrhoea patients. Patients with poor nutritional status had low body weight and muscle mass index than well nourished patients. The stool volume was higher in malnourished patients than well nourished patient. In addition mean duration of diarrhoea for malnourished patients was higher than well nourished patients until discharge from hospital. Conclusion: Therefore, the diarrhoea of malnourished and low socioeconomic status of adult patients is more severe, and the incidence of this disease can be reduced by growing awareness as well as improve nutritional and socioeconomic status of those patient groups.

Advantage of Crescent Knife in Making Excision of Pterygium.

A pterygium is a triangular sheet of fibrovascular tissue which invades the cornea. In the management of pterygium surgical excision is needed. Common practices in pterygium surgery are simple excision, excision with post operative b- radiation or tropical thio-TEPA solution(1:2000) or mitomycin-C solution(0.4%), excision with peroperative use of mitomycin-C or conjunctival autograft or amneotic membrane graft or lamellar keratoplasty of the affected part of the cornea. Recurrence is high in pterygium surgery probably due to facing difficulty for easy and complete separation of fibrovascular growth. So this is a search for new technique where easy smooth and complete separation pterygial tissue can be done with minimum surgical trauma and a good cosmetic look. This study was carried out at Faridpur Medical College Hospital (FMCH) from January 2010 to December 2011. A total 50 cases were selected for study. Technique of operation in all the cases were excision of pterygium with conjunctival autograft. In 50% cases, the head of the pterygium removed from the cornea with crescent knife and in 50% cases the head of the pterygium removed with tooks knife. The follow up period was 12 to 24 months. In the group- A, recurrence occurred in two eyes i.e 8% and succeed in 23 eyes i.e 92%. In the group-B, recurrence occurred in 6 eyes i.e 24% and succeed in 19 eyes i.e. 76%. So, higher success rate and low recurrence rate with good cosmetic look and minimum surgical trauma for those where crescent knife were used.

Prevalence of Pre-Existing Corneal Astigmatism in Age Related Cataract Patient.

Cataract surgery is no more a blind rehabilitation surgery, it absolutely gives normal vision. In the era of modern cataract surgery patients expectations are also high about visual outcome. This prospective study was carried out to investigate the magnitude and pattern of pre-existing corneal astigmatism in age related cataract patient at Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur and Agha Yusuf Adhunik Hospital, Kustia, from July 2009 to June 2012. We examined 850 eyes of 730 patients who underwent cataract surgery. The mean age at the time of surgery was 61.9±8.1 (40 to 70) years. Corneal astigmatism was measured by Auto Refracto Keratometer at least two times for each patient. Astigmatism was calculated from diopteric difference of vertical reading from horizontal reading. With the rule (WTR) astigmatism was considered when steep meridian at 900± 200. Against the rule (ATR) astigmatism was considered when steep meridian at 1800±200. Astigmatism is in other direction is defined as oblique. On keratometry, when vertical reading (k1) was found greater than horizontal (k2) was considered WTR astigmatism and the reverse reading for ATR astigmatism. The percentage of corneal astigmatism was 1D or less was 69.6%, more than 1D and less than 1.5D, 27.6% and more than 1.5D and less then 2D 2.8%. Prevalence of ATR astigmatism was more than WTR astigmatism and prevalence of ATR astigmatism increases significantly with age. Approximately two third of pre-operative patient had 1D or less astigmatism and one third had more than 1D corneal astigmatism.