ABSTRACT
Background: Surgical outcome in patients with cervicalspondylotic myelopathy may affects by variety of factors.Different study outcome suggest that the number of symptomsand involved levels, symptom duration and posterior approachsignificantly increased with increasing age, whereaspreoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association scoredecreased among the different age groups.Objective: The goal of this study is to analyze the surgicaloutcome by comparing younger and elderly patient groups onthe basis of preoperative radiological and clinical data.Methods: To find out the surgical outcome the clinical andradiological data of 32 patients who underwent expansivelaminoplasty were reviewed after their surgery had beenperformed. All of the Patients were divided into two groups,group (a): younger patient group (<65 yr of age; n = 13) andan elderly patient group (≥65 yr of age; n = 19). Patients wereassessed by use of the Japanese Orthopaedic Associationscale (JOA) to know the neurological status of them. Computedtomographic myelography and magnetic resonance imagingexamined for radiological feature. Finally, the effects of theclinical and radio-logical findings on neurological outcome wereinvestigated.Results: The scores of preoperative and postoperative meanof (JOA) in elderly patients were significantly lower thanyounger patients. In the elderly patients cases, the transversearea of the spinal cord at the level of maximum compressionand symptom duration were the factors that predicted anexcellent recovery on the other hand the transverse area wasthe only predictor of excellent recovery in younger patients.Intensity change on the spinal cord and age, preoperativeJapanese Orthopaedic Association score, canal diameter werenot predictive in either age range.Conclusion: Both younger and elderly patient groups thetransverse area of the spinal cord may be a reliable predictor ofexcellent recovery. In case of elderly patients shorter symptomduration was an important factor in the excellent recovery.
ABSTRACT
From the ancient time, plants have been playing a key role for the betterment of mankind presenting as an extraordinary source of natural medicine. The complexity in formulating chemical based drugs as well as their health related side effects and uprising cost has led worldwide researchers to focus on medicinal plant research. Bangladesh has a vast repository of diverse plant species where about five thousand plants species have been claimed as having significant medicinal values. The researched papers on medicinal plants publishing from last few decades mention the activities of different plant bioactive compounds that are used widely in the treatment of various human ailments. Emblica officinalis is reported to possess bioactive compounds like tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, ascorbic acids and many other compounds which are confirmed to have diverse pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, radio-protective, hepatoprotective, antitissuive, immunomodulatory, hypolipedemic and many other activities. This medicinal plant is also reported to have anticancer, anti HIV-reverse transcriptase, antidiabetic, antidepressant, antiulcerogenic, wound healing activities and so forth. The current review paper summarizes the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities and traditional uses of the plant Emblica officinalis.