Effect of superdisintegrants and their mode of incorporation on disintegration time and release profile of carbamazepine from immediate release tablet.

In this experiment the effect of mode of incorporation of some superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone (kollidon CL), ludiflash and Xanthan gum (XG) on dissolution profile and disintegration time of carbamazepine (CBZ), apoorly water soluble drug was studied. The superdisintegrants were incorporated by extragranularly, intragranularly and in direct compression method. Different amount of superdisintegrants (1%, 3% and 6%) was incorporated in different formulations whereas all the other excipients as well as the active drug remained same. The results indicated that sodium starch glycolate, when incorporated extragranularly in wet granulation method significantly enhanced the release profile of CBZ. Kollidon CL was the most effective superdisintegrant in decreasing disintegration time of different tablet formulations (1.95 minutes when extragranularly incorporated). On the other hand, tablets prepared with SSG were found most effective in % drug release irrespective of its mode of incorporation (99.99% when extragranularly incorporated and 99.75 when intragranularly incorporated within one hour). Tablets prepared by direct compression method also showed similar drug release with other methods but tablet hardness was found lower. So addition of superdisintegrants in tablet formulation may be an effective technique to comply compendial drug release.

Anthelmintic and diuretic activity of bark extracts of Sterculia villosa.

The study was evaluated for diuretic and anthelmintic activity of the ethanolic extract of the barks of Sterculia villosa Roxb, (Sterculiaceae). The diuretic assay was done on both healthy wistar rats and rabbits. The dose used for the diuretic assay was 100, 200 & 400mg/kg of the extract. Compared to the control and standard drug furosemide (20mg/kg), the result of diuretic study showed dose dependent activity of the extracts. The result also indicated higher excretion of Na+, K+ & Cl- in urine. Pheretima posthuma, adult earthworms were used for anthelmintic activity and the results of anthelmintic assessment at the dose of 50, 100 & 200mg/ml showed significant activity compared with control and standard drug albendazole (10mg/ml).

Antidiuretic and antidiarrhoeal activities of polar and non-polar extract of Brassica oleracea.

Diuretic activities of both polar and non-polar extract of leaves of Brassica oleracea were investigated on male white rabbits and male Sprague-Dawley rats. Anti diarrheal activity of the same extract was investigated on male and female swiss albino mice. Both polar and non-polar extract exhibited anti diuretic activities on both rats and rabbits. Polar and Non-polar extract also showed anti diarrheal activity on male and female mice. Anti diarrheal activity affects both latent period and number of stools.

Formulation and Evaluation of Bi-layered Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Tramadol Hydrochloride.

Bi-layer tablets of tramadol hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression technique incorporating an immediate release layer and a sustained release layer. An immediate release layer was successfully designed to release the bolus dose instantaneously. Water soluble Xanthan gum, water insoluble Kollidon SR and Eudragit L 100 were used as carriers in the sustained release layer of the matrix tablet. All the tablets were evaluated for thickness, diameter, weight variation, hardness and friability. The in vitro drug release was studied for eight hour, first two hours dissolution in acidic medium followed by six hour dissolution in buffer medium. Matrix tablet showed a sustained release rate with a controlled fashion as a function of the quantity of polymer used. The in vitro drug release data were fitted with several mathematical models and mean dissolution time along with fractional dissolution time values (T25%, T50% and T80%) were calculated. Xanthan gum was found to be the most effective rate retarding agent compared to Kollidon SR and Eudragit L 100, when used at same ratio in the formulations.

Pattern and treatment of Gout in Bangladesh: a hospital based survey at Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

Gout is a common metabolic disorder which occurs due to excessive deposition of uric acid in different bone joints. Increasing life expectancy, life style change, changes in diet are causing an increased incidence of the disease nowadays. The present study was aimed to understand the pattern and treatment of gout in Bangladesh. 150 patients at four tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city were surveyed. The findings of the present study suggests that both male and female are suffering from the disease and age seems to be related to the disease as 62% of gout patients were found over 50 years of age. Body weight may be a contributing factor of the disease. Most of the gout patients under the survey were suffering from high blood pressure (65.33%). Primary gout was found more prevalent in this investigation (70.66%) and viral hepatitis was found to be the most common cause of the disease (50%). The patients presented common sign and symptoms of gout.

Comparative in vitro dissolution study of Aceclofenac Marketed Tablets in Two Different Dissolution Media by Validated Analytical Method.

In this study five marketed brands of aceclofenac 100 mg tablets have been evaluated using dissolution test in two different media with the aim to assess bioequivalence and to select a proper dissolution medium. Other general quality parameters of these tablets like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time were also determined according to established protocols. All the brands complied with the official specification for friability, uniformity of weight, disintegration time and drug content. UV spectroscopic and RP-HPLC methods were validated for the parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Potency was determined by using these two methods. Potency obtained from UV method and HPLC methods were found similar with paired t test. Dissolution test results were subjected to further analysis by difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2) and dissolution efficiency (% DE). Higher drug release was found in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 than in 0.05% sodium lauryl sulphate solution. All brands were found similar in respect of drug release in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 but they differ in respect of drug release in 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate. So phosphate buffer pH 6.8 may be a suitable media for dissolution study of aceclofenac tablets.

Development of Sustain Release Matrix Tablet of Ranolazine Based on Methocel K4M CR: In Vitro Drug Release and Kinetic Approach.

In this study an attempt was made to design and evaluate oral sustained release matrix tablets of ranolazine using Methocel K4M CR as the retardant polymer. Tablets were prepared by conventional wet granulation technique. Tablets were evaluated for parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability and drug content. All the formulations showed compliance with pharmacopieal standards. In vitro release studies were performed using USP type II apparatus (paddle method) in 900 mL of 0.1N HCl at 50 rpm for 8 hours. The release kinetics was analyzed using the zero-order, first order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations to explore and explain the mechanism of drug release from the matrix tablets. In vitro release studies revealed that percent drug release decreased with increase of polymer loading. Based on the dissolution data comparison with innovator brand F-5 formulation (16% Methocel K4M CR w/w of drug) was elected as the best formulation. The drug release profile of the best formulation was well controlled and uniform throughout the dissolution studies. The drug release of optimized formulation follows the Higuchi kinetic model (R2 = 0.99) and the mechanism is found to be non-Fickian/anomalous according to Korsmeyer–Peppas equation. All the formulations were checked for stability as per ICH guidelines and formulations were found stable during the study.

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Domperidone and Naproxen in Tablet Dosage Form.

A simple, selective and rapid reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of domperidone and naproxen in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic system consisted of two LC-20 AT pump, SPD-20A UV detector, SIL-20A auto-sampler and CTO- 10ASVP column oven. Chromatographic separation of drugs was achieved on an Shim-Pack C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) as stationary phase with a mobile phase comprising of phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 3.00 with sodium hydroxide): methanol in the ratio 30:70 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with UV detection at 280 nm. Retention time was 3.17 minutes for domperidone and 5.42 minutes for naproxen. The method was found selective and peaks of domperidone and naproxen were well separated (resolution 10.72). The proposed method is linear (r2 = 0.999 for domperidone and naproxen), accurate with 99.5% recovery for domperidone and 99.39% recovery for naproxen and precise (%RSD < 1%). The method has been used to determine potency of commercial product and potency was found within limit. The method can be used for the analysis of domperidone and naproxen in tablet dosage form.