ABSTRACT
Background: Two recognized antibodies, Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACPA), are produced in rheumatoid arthritis to target common autoantigens that are expressed in and around the joints. Tobacco and microorganisms, as well as the relationship between genetics and environment, play a critical role in the progression of the illness (e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis). Rheumatoid arthritis is visualized as a Th1 and Th17 illness in the first stages of the disease. There is a significant role for inflammatory cytokines in the hierarchy of RA processes. Additionally, RA-related joint degradation is mediated by the Wnt system and osteoprotegerin抯 impact on osteoclasts, as well as the matrix synthesis dysregulation that causes cartilage degeneration. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which both innate and adaptive immunity have been shown to play a key role, thanks to the development of effective therapies for TNF-, IL-6 receptor, IL-1, CD20 B cells, and T-cell/Dendritic cell interactions.