Epidemiology of pathogenic tick-borne viruses in China: a review / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Ticks are obligate, haematophagous arthropods that are distributed across the world, which may transmit more than 200 pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. A large number of tick species are widespread in China, and their transmitting tick-borne viral diseases pose a great threat to human health in endemic foci. This review describes the epidemiology of common, emerging and potentially pathogenic tick-borne viruses in China, and recommends the assessment of public health significance and pathogenicity of emerging tick-borne viruses using reverse microbial etiology, so as to provide insights into the management of emerging tick-borne diseases in China.

Incidence of fall related injury in people aged 50 and above and risk factors in 8 provinces in China: a cross-sectional study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To estimate the incidence and distribution characteristics of fall related injury in people aged ≥50 years in 8 provinces in China and related physiological, psychological and social risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from adults aged ≥50 years participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) round 1 in China. Two-level hierarchical logistic model was used to identify the related factors for fall-related injury. All the models were stratified by living area (urban/rural). Results: Estimated incidence of fall related injury (road traffic injury was not included) was 3.2%. Ageing and multiple chronic conditions (OR=2.55, 95%CI: 1.41-4.64) was significantly associated with the incidence of fall related injury in urban area. In rural area, depression (OR=4.33, 95% CI: 2.52-7.42) and multiple chronic conditions (OR=2.46, 95%CI: 1.37-4.41) were associated with the incidence of fall related injury. Conclusions: This study estimated the incidence of fall related injury in adults aged ≥50 years in 8 provinces in China. A significant association between multiple chronic conditions and fall related injury were found in both urban and rural residents. Targeted measures should be taken for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in elderly population.

Study on the current status of smoking, intention of tobacco concession and related risk factors among 18-65-year olds patients with chronic diseases in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the status, attitude and related risk factors on smoking among 18-65 years old patients with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma in Beijing. Methods: Data was gathered from the 2014 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance Program. Multiple classified cluster sampling method was used and 19 815 participants aged 18-65 were sampled from 16 districts in Beijing. Results: Among all the 18 405 participants, male hypertensive patients showed a higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (χ(2)=17.695, P<0.001). Male patients with dyslipidemia had higher current smoking rate than the other groups (χ(2)=39.292, P<0.001). However, female patients with COPD or with asthma showed higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (χ(2)=6.276, P=0.012), (χ(2)=8.245, P=0.004). Among the smokers, hypertensive patients presented lower rate (χ(2)=20.487, P<0.001) on intention of smoking concession, than the other groups. Patients with COPD showed greater intention in quitting smoking (χ(2)=6.085, P=0.048), than the other groups. Male patients with diabetes (χ(2)=9.219, P=0.010) or dyslipidemia (χ(2)=13.513, P=0.001) who had stopped smoking tobacco appeared having higher rates in keeping the current status. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that smoking was the risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.17), dyslipidemia (OR=1.25), COPD (OR=1.78), and asthma (OR=1.57). Conclusions: Patients with certain kinds of chronic diseases showed higher rate of current smoking and lower rate of quitting. Cigarette consumption appeared an important risk factor for patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, COPD, or asthma in Beijing.

Analysis on the current situation of insufficient sleep and its association with physical exercise among Chinese Han students aged 9-18 years, in 2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To describe the situation of insufficient sleep and the association between insufficient sleep and physical exercise, among Chinese Han students aged 9-18 years. Methods: We selected 172 197 Chinese Han students aged 9-18 years from the project 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health. The average sleep duration per day of less than 9 h for children aged 9-12 years and of less than 8 h for adolescents aged 13-18 years, were defined as insufficient sleep. We described the distribution of sleep duration and the prevalence rates of insufficient sleep for each subgroup. Logistic regression models were established to assess the association between insufficient sleep and physical exercise. Results: In 2014, 6.6%, 30.8%, 26.3%, 20.8%, 13.8% and 1.8% of the Chinese Han students self-reported sleep duration were <6, 6-, 7-, 8- and ≥10 h, respectively. The overall prevalence rate of insufficient sleep was 77.2%, with 75.8% for boys and 78.6% for girls. No gender disparity was found at each 9-11 age groups. However, in the 12-18 age groups, the prevalence rates for girls were significantly higher than that for boys. The prevalence rates of insufficient sleep for primary school, middle school and high school students were66.6%, 74.1% and 93.8%, respectively. Rates were increasing with age for children aged 9-12 years and adolescents aged 13-18 years respectively. The three provinces with the lowest prevalence rates of insufficient sleep were Zhejiang (68.8%), Jiangsu (66.7%) and Shaanxi (65.2%). Data from the logistic regression models revealed that, when comparing to those students with only exercise of <0.5 h per day, the exercise hours of 0.5-1 h (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.69-0.74) or ≥1 h (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.44-0.47) per day seemed as protective factors for insufficient sleep. When compared with physical exercise frequency <2 times per week, the 2 times (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.78-0.86) or >2 times (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.62-0.68) frequencies also appeared as protective. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of insufficient sleep prevailing among students aged 9-18 years was high, in China. Our data called for setting up effective measures to deal with this situation.

Surveillance data on notifiable infectious diseases among students aged 6-22 years in China, 2011-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students from 2011 to 2016 and to provide reference for the effective prevention and control programs on infectious disease among students. Methods: Both morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed, with main characteristics of the disease described. Results: During 2011 to 2016, morbidities of Categories A, B and C infectious diseases among the Chinese students aged 6-22 years showed a decreasing trend, from 248.24/100 000 in 2012 to 158.57/100 000 in 2016. Mortality rates of Category A, B and C infectious diseases had also decreased from 0.12/100 000 in 2011 to 0.07/100 000 in 2016. The average morbidity of the top four diseases from Category A and B infectious diseases appeared as: tuberculosis (16.24/100 000), scarlet fever (9.39/100 000), hepatitis B (7.69/100 000) and bacillary and amebic dysentery (7.15/100 000). The average rates of mortality on the top four diseases appeared as: rabies (0.044 8/100 000), HIV/AIDS (0.027 7/100 000), tuberculosis (0.008 0/100 000) and Japanese encephalitis (0.005 9/100 000). The average rates of morbidity on the top four diseases appeared as: mumps (75.81/100 000), hand-foot-mouth disease (28.55/100 000), other infectious diarrhea (22.41/100 000) and influenza (15.67/100 000) in the Category C. Reported death cases were from hand-foot-mouth disease (11 cases), influenza (9 cases), mumps (1 case) and rubella (1 case). The prevalence rates varied among different student populations, with higher HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and tuberculosis rates among college and senior high school students, while higher mumps, influenza and hand-foot-mouth disease rates among primary school and junior high school students. Conclusions: Both morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years had decreased significantly in 2011-2016. However, the major infectious diseases had become new challenges among students. HIV/AIDS had become a key infectious disease among college students and the relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis was seen in college and high school students.

Fibroma osificante periférico asociado a resorción ósea: revisión de la literatura y presentación de un caso / Peripheral ossifying fibroma associated with bone resorption: literature review and presentation of a case

El Fibroma Osificante Periférico (FOP) es una hiperplasia reactiva del tejido conjuntivo que contiene áreas de hueso. Se origina a partir del ligamento periodontal. Se presenta con frecuencia en la segunda y tercera década de vida, con mayor frecuencia en el género femenino. Se observa como una lesión sésil o pediculada, circunscrita, lisa o ulcerada, firme y del mismo color de la mucosa, asintomático. Se localiza en la encía, por lo general en papilas interdentales. En gran parte de los casos no se lesiona el hueso subyacente. Se reporta un caso de un paciente masculino de 47 años de edad, quien es referido por su odontólogo tratado por una lesión en el maxilar. El paciente refiere inicio de la enfermedad hace aproximadamente un año, que comienza con un aumento de volumen de la encía, asintomático, sangrante y asociada a dientes con movilidad dentaria. Al examen extrabucal se observa un aumento de volumen de la mejilla izquierda que produce asimetría facial. Intrabucalmente se observa una lesión de naturaleza tumoral que se desprende de la encía vestibular distal al 25 al diente 28, de aproximadamente 3cm de diámetro, circunscrita, roja, sangrante y de superficie ulcerada. El examen radiográfico revela una gran resorción ósea del hueso alveolar que produjo movilidad de los dientes 25, 27 y 28. Se planteó como diagnóstico provisional: Lesión Periférica de Células Gigantes y como diagnósticos diferenciales: Fibroma Osificante Periférico, Granuloma Piogénico. La conducta a seguir fue extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión para posterior estudio histopatológico con exodoncias de los dientes 25, 27 y 28. Se destaca la importancia de este caso por su presentación clínica de gran tamaño y la destrucción ósea que produjo, condición que determinó las exodoncias de los dientes involucrados, hecho que es inusual para este tipo de patologías

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive hyperplasia of connective tissue containing areas of bone. It originates from the periodontal ligament. It occurs frequently in the second and third decades, predominantly in females. It appears as a sessile or pedunculated lesion, circumscribed, smooth or ulcerated, firm, and the color of the mucosa, asymptomatic. Located in the gum, usually in interdental papillae. In most cases no underlying bone is injured. We report a case of a male patient aged 47 who are referred by your dentist treated for an injury to the jaw. The patient reported onset of illness for about a year, which begins with an enlargement of the gums, asymptomatic, bleeding and teeth associated with tooth mobility. Extra-oral examination showed an increase in volume of the left cheek that produces facial asymmetry. The oral examination shows tumoral lesion of nature that emerges from the buccal gingiva distal to the tooth 28 to 25, approximately 3 cm in diameter, circumscribed, red, bleeding and ulcerated surface. Radiographic examination reveals a large alveolar bone resorption resulting in tooth mobility 25, 27 and 28. Was raised as a provisional diagnosis: Peripheral giant cell lesion as a differential diagnosis: peripheral ossifying fibroma, pyogenic granuloma. The action to take was surgical removal of the lesion for subsequent histopathological study extractions of teeth 25, 27 and 28. The importance of this case the clinical presentation and the large bone destruction that occurred, a condition that determined the extractions of the teeth involved, a fact which is unusual for this type of pathology

Fibroma osificante periférico: revisión de la literatura y presentación de dos casos clínicos / Peripheral ossifying fibroma: review of the literature and report of two cases

El Fibroma Osificante Periférico (FOP) es una lesión reactiva que se localiza frecuentemente en las papilas interdentales, puede ser sésil o pediculada, indolora, del mismo color de la mucosa o rojiza, su tamaño varía de pocos milímetros a centímetros de diámetro, en ocasiones puede causar pérdida de los dientes adyacentes o resorción ósea. Se reportan dos casos de pacientes masculinos de 36 y 40 años de edad, quienes son referidos por sus odontólogos tratantes por lesiones en el Maxilar. En ambos casos se localiza en papila interdental del Incisivo Central y Lateral derecho (11 y 12), y se presentan como lesiones tumorales de aproximadamente 1 cm de diámetro, circunscritas, rojas, sangrantes y de superficie lisa y brillante

The Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive lesion that is located in the interdental papilla often can be sessile or pedunculated, painless; the color of the mucosa or red, its size ranging from a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter, sometimes can cause loss of adjacent teeth or bone resorption. We report two cases of male patients 36 and 40 years of age who are referred by their dentists for injuries to his jaw. In both cases, interdental papilla located at 11 and 12 and are presented as mass lesions approximately 1 cm in diameter, circumscribed, red, bleeding and surface smooth and shiny

ultrastructural effects of sulfachloropyrazine on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other mammals. This study was aimed to understand the mechanism of action of veterinary medicine-sulfachloropyrazine [SPZ, 99.97%] against Toxop/asma gondii. T. gondii tachyzoites were soaked in PBS [as a control] or SPZ [250 mg/mL] for 2 h at 37 °C. After being processed, any ultrastructural changes of the tachyzoites that had occurred were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy [SEM] and Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM]. The tachyzoites from control groups with a uniform size had a smooth surface and intact cell or nuclear membranes. In addition, an oval-shaped nucleus, conoids and micronemes were also observed. By contrast, many parasites from the SPZ-treated groups were detrimentally affected by the treatment. Some appeared to be of the vacuolization in their cytoplasm, with the substantial reduction in the number of dense granules and the blur of some organelles. The morphology and ultrastructure of tachyzoites can be affected significandy by SPZ, which might kill the parasite by inhibiting its energy metabolism, inducing apoptosis and damaging its structure. The study provides an experimental basis for further study on the mechanism of SPZ against T. gondii

Uveítis como manifestación secundaria a infecciones de la cavidad bucal: revisión de la literatura / Uveitis representations as secondary to infections the oral cavity: review of the literature

La uveítis es una patología ocular que se define como la inflamación del tracto úveal, pudiendo estar asociada a la inflamación de otras estructuras oculares o adyacentes a la cavidad orbitaria. La etiología puede incluir infecciones o alteraciones en el sistema inmune y puede ser primariamente ocular o asociada a una enfermedad sistémica. Su incidencia es proporcional tanto en hombres como en mujeres dependiendo a la enfermedad que se encuentre asociada. El método de diagnóstico se realiza a través de exámenes radiográficos, de laboratorio y el examen clínico, tanto oftálmico como odontológico. De acuerdo a la sintomatología manifestada en el paciente, se orienta el tratamiento a seguir.

Uveítis is an eye condition that is defined as inflammation of the úveal tracto and can be associated with inflammation of other ocular structures or adjacent to the orbital cavity. The possible causes include infections or alterations in the immune system and can be primarily visual or associated with a systemic disease. It´s incidence is proportional in men and women, and it depends on the disease it's associated to. Medical and Dental diagnosis is generaly made by physical and radiographic examination, along with laboratory tests. The treatment will depend on the symptoms of the patient.

Fundamental study of degradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in soil by laccase from white rot fungi

This research describes application of laccase from white-rot fungi [polyporus] to remove dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in soil. The degradation kinetics of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in soil was also investigated by laboratory batch experiments. The results showed that laccase from white-rot fungi can effectively degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the degradation of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [the sum of the four dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane compounds in a sample] was pseudo-first-order kinetics. The residues of almost all the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane components and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in soils treated with laccase decreased rapidly during first 15 days and then kept at a stable level during next 10 days. The residues of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in soils with different dosages laccase decreased by about 21-32%, 29-45%, 35-51% and 36-51% after 5, 10, 15 and 25 days of incubation, respectively. The half-life of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in soils with different dosages laccase ranged from 24.75 to 41.75 days. The residues of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in three different types of soils decreased by 25-29%, 39-43%, 44-47% and 47-52% after 5, 10, 15 and 25 days of incubation with laccase, respectively. The half-life of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in different types of soil ranged from 24.71 to 27.68 days. The residues of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in soils with different pH levels decreased by 18-24%, 29-39%, 36-39% and 39-50% after 5, 10, 15 and 25 days of incubation with laccase, respectively. The half-life of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ranged from 25.63 to 36.42 days. Laccase can be an efficient and safe agent for remediation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil