Factors Associated With Organizational Stress Among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Workers In Somalia Hospital

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Hargeisa city to determine the job and organizational stress among nurses and doctors in ICU and its influencing factors. A universal sampling method was carried out and one hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among nurses and doctors working in intensive care units of two hospitals on different shift duties; morning, afternoon, night and rotation shifts. The response rate was 83.3%. Regression analysis showed that approximately 88% (adjusted R square = 0.889) of the variation in stress mean score was explained by the background variables. Experience, role overload, physical environment and marital status were significant predictors.

Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine and prednisolone acetate in preventing surgically induced miosis during cataract surgery

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of topical prednisolone acetate 1% and topical ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% in the maintenance of pupillary mydriasis during cataract surgery. Fifty patients were enrolled in this prospective, partially masked and randomised study. They were assigned to receive topical treatment with either prednisolone acetate [n=25] or ketorolac tromethamine [n=25], starting 24 hours before cataract extraction [either routine extracapsular cataract extraction or phacoemulsification]. One drop of the study medication was instilled every 6 hours for a total of 4 drops. No epinephrine was used in the intraoperative irrigation solution. Pupil diameter was measured three different times during surgery. To ensure participant safety, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure, adverse events and visual acuity were also monitored. The mean pupil diameter change from the time of the pre-incision until after cortical irrigation and aspiration and lens implantation was significantly less with ketorolac than with prednisolone [P=0.003]. Consequently, mean pupil diameter after cortical irrigation and aspiration and lens implantation was significantly greater with ketorolac than with prednisolone [P<0.0001]. No significant differences between groups were observed in the pupil diameter before the first incision [P=0.244], nor after administration of a miotic agent [P=0.505]. Safety variables were comparable and no drug-related adverse events were reported. Ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and prednisolone acetate 1% solutions were equally well tolerated without related adverse events, but ketorolac was better in preventing surgically induced miosis

Pharmacognostical studies of the Unani drug Kamala [Mallotous philippinensis MuelL-Arg

In the present paper an attempt has been made to find out, botanical, physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics of the powdery covering of ripe fruits obtained from Kamala [Mallotus philippinensis Muell.-Arg.]. The important parameters are studied macro-microscopically characters, pH values, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, sulphated ash, qualitative ash, analysis for inorganic constituents, qualitative analysis of different extractives for organic chemical constituents, successive extractive values, thin layer chromatography of different extracts and their analysis has also been performed. Detailed Phytochemical studies have been further confirmed that the main organic compound in the powder studied is [Rottlerin]. The compound has been found in dark brown rhombic crystal m.p. 203-05°C It is an important medicinal tree, which is used traditionally for the treatment of ringworm, scabies, herpes and other parasitic skin diseases. Kamala powder alone is applied over syphilitic ulcers

A National Study on the Prevalence and Factors Associated with Smoking Amongst Malaysians Aged 18 Years and Above

Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Malaysia with the objectives of determining the prevalence of smoking in Malaysia, reasons for starting to smoke, age first started to smoke, duration of smoking and to determine the relationship between smoking and age, sex,race, education level, peer influence and parental smoking status. Methods:All residents aged 18 years and above from selected households were included in this study. A standardised pre-tested structured questionnaire was used in this study. Results: The results showed that the overall mean age of the 17.246 respondents was 38.8 (95% CI=38.5-39.2) years with a range of 18-100 years. The majority were Malays (55.5%) followed by Chinese (21.2%) and Indians (11.2%). The age , sex and ethnicity adjusted prevalence of ever and current smokers were 32.0% and 24.9% respectively. The prevalence of ever and current smokers for males was 59.3% and 47.2% respectively. For the females,the prevalence of ever and current smokers was 4.8% and 2.7% respectively. The highest ethnicity adjusted prevalence of current smokers was in Malays (28.9%) followed by the Chinese (18.7%). The lowest prevalence was amongst the Indians (16.8%). The highest prevalence of current smokers was found in Kelantan (30.2%), Terengganu (29.7%), Pahang (28.7%) and Kedah (26.9%); the lowest prevalence was in Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory (20.4%). The overall mean initiation age of current smokers was 19.2 years (95% CI=19.1. 19.4 years). The mean initiation age of male current smokers was significantly lower (18.9 years) compared to female current smokers(24.1 years). The mean duartion of smoking amongst the current smokers was 18.6 years .Males smoked significantly more cigarettes than the females (p<0.001). Discussion: Multivirate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was significantly associated with age, sex, ethnicity, educational level and peer and family influence.

comparative study of the aerial parts of punarnava [Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.] commonly used in traditional medicine and its adulterator boerhaavia diffusa Linn

The aerial part of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn, [white variety] is used in Unani Medicine to treat inflammation, asthma, dropsy, bronchitis, ascites, orchitis, and migraine. The practitioners of Ayurveda and Unani also employ it for diuretic action. Even involuntarily, Trianthema portulacastrum may be adulterated by Boerhaavia diffusa. The morphoanatomic features having diagnostic value for the identification of both species in their state of crude drug are evaluated. The important parameters are also studied as qualitative ash analysis for inorganic constituents, qualitative analysts of different extractives for organic chemical constituents, successive extractive values, thin layer chromatography of different extracts, total ash, acid insoluble and water soluble ash and their analysis have been performed

Ethno-botanical distribution and cultivation of some traditional medicinal plants of Delhi [India]

A survey has been carried out on the ethno-botanical distribution and cultivation of medicinal plants used by local people in various parts of Delhi [India] and its suburbs. The paper highlights experimental demonstrations and cultivation practices of some important medicinal plants of Delhi [India] viz., Chirchita [Achyranthes aspera Linn.], Atibala [Abutilon indicum L., Sweet], Greater ammi [Ammi majus Linn.], and Vasaka [Adhatoda vasica Nees.] etc. The species focused belong to families Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae, Apiaceae, Acanthaceae, Liliaceae, Cannabinaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Lamiaceae and Plantaginaceae and grow in Delhi and its outskirts. Thus, twenty-five medicinal plants belonging to eighteen families are described in alphabetical order along with the ethno-botanical distribution, cultivation, mode of administration, flowering and fruiting

Pharmacognostic evaluation of the stem bark of balanites aegyptiaca delile "Hingot"

Balanites aegyptiaca [Hingot] is one of the important Kasthausadhi of Indian System of medicine, which is botanically identified as Balanites aegyptiaca of family Simaroubaceae. All the parts of this plant as well as its extracts are particularly useful to mankind. According to Ayurvedic concept it is pungent bitter, purgative, anthelmintic and is useful in cough and colic, ulcer as well as in hypertension. Chemically it contains a lot of saponins whose concentration varies in different parts of the plant. The present paper deals with its literature survey regarding distribution, cultivation, chemical information, and medicinal importance. The detailed botanical and pharmacognostical parameters have been performed on the stem bark, for the identification of the genuine sample, detection of the adulteration in the market sample and study of the quality control parameters of the drug

Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and biological evaluations of the stem bark of bombax ceiba linn. [semul]

Bombax ceiba Linn. [Semul], a tall deciduous tree is a very common medicinal plant used for the treatment of various ailments. The present paper deals with the standardization of its stem bark on the basis of various pharmacognostical parameters. A new compound BC-1 has been isolated as colourless crystals from the ethanolic extract of the air-dried stem bark of Bombax ceiba Linn. Its structure has been elucidated as lup-20 [29] cn-beta-ol through extensive spectroscopic methods [IR, UV, MS, [1]H-NMR and [13]C-NMR]. The aqueous extract of this bark showed antimicrobial and antifungal activity

Common ethnomedicinal uses of leaves of some less known plants occurring in South Delhi, India

The present study takes into account the medicinal value of leaves of forty two plant species belonging to thirty families of angiosperms. Plants are listed in the alphabetical order alongwith the significant macroscopic characters of leaves, prominent therapeutic uses and their mode of administration

Gene therapy developments, promises and cancer treatment

The developments in therapeutics over the years have been punctuated by monumental innovation, which are though conceptually simple, have revolutionized the field due to their efficacy. The idea of introducing healthy nucleic acid into the nucleus for replacing the damaged one - Gene Therapy, may not have done that yet. However, the concept is so tempting that large amounts of research and resources have been committed to this area

Pharmacognostical studies on the bark ofalstonia scholaris R.Br. [Chatiun]

Alstonia scholaris R.Br. [Chatiun] is an important evergreen tree used in the disorders of heart and blood. Its bark is used in various ailments like asthma, leucoderma, ulcers, tumors and dysentery in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Therefore, in the present communication the detailed pharmacognostical studies have been carried out for the standardization of the stem bark of this species. The study includes qualitative and quantitative microscopy of the stem bark; its powder analysis; moisture content determination; ash and total extractive values determination. The histochemical tests of the stem bark and preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts have shown the presence of starch, lignins, alkaloids, flavonoids and proteins. In the successive extractive values determination, the maximum extract was observed in water and minimum in chloroform; in quantitative estimation of the organic components, 0.200% total alkaloids, 0.07% steroids and 0.44% resins have been determined in the studied bark. Thin layer chromatographic studies show maximum six spots in methanolic extract and minimum two spots in acetone extract. The above pharmacognostical parameters of the drug may be helpful in the identification of genuine sample, as there are increasing incidences of adulteration of this drug in the market samples

Role of serum betaHCG measurement in prediction of empty follicle syndrome

One of important matter in treatment of patients who need in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer to uterus is retrieval of good quality and enough number of oocytes. Unfortunately, in some cases though ovary had good appearance in ultrasound and hormonal aspect, no oocyte was retrieved after HCG injection, which this condition is known as empty follicle syndrome. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between serum betaHCG and empty follicle syndrome [EFS] in infertile women undergoing ovulation induction. This research was a prospective and case control study over 1009 patients, which 135 patients were omitted due to different reasons and amongst 874 remaining patients, 23.3% had undergone IVF and 76.7% of them had undergone intracytoplasmic sperm injection. All patients with HMG and GnRHa treatment had undergone long protocol. Then the numbers of mature oocytes were assessed during treatment and level of serum betaHCG was measured on time of HCG injection and oocytes retrieval and it was compared with retrieved oocytes. In evaluation of results of this study, no oocytes were found in 34 [3.9%] patients [group I] and less than 50% matured follicles were found in 92 [10.5%] patients [group II] and finally more than 50% matured follicles were found in 748 [85.5%] patient [group III]. Mean level of serum betaHCG was [154.6 +/- 107] in group I, [141.7 +/- 90.4] in group II and [156 +/- 56.6] in group III, 36 hours after HCG injection. The results showed no significant difference between betaHCG and EFS [P=0.194]

Inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of natural products on the crystallization of urinary lithiasis in vitro Part III: Uric acid

Relative increase in solubilities of uric acid in aqueous extracts of cucumis melo, eriobotyra japonica, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Pedalium murex and Zea mays were Guantitatively determined in vitro and were found to be 37.2%, 0.8%, 1.3%, 45% and 15.6% respectively. The two major factors which influence the solubilities of uric acid were the presence of metal ions like sodium, magnesium, potassium etc: and the adsorption of macromolecules like carbohydrates etc. on the faces of growing crystals

Protein loss during isolated ultrafiltration patients with chronic renal failure

Six hypertensive overhydrated maintenance dialysis patients [4 women, 2 men] were treated with isolated ultrafiltration and sequential dialysis for 1 to 3 months. Two to 5.5 liters of fluid were removed each time in 2-4 hours of isolated ultrafiltration. Haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit increased in proportion to the volume of fluid extracted. Serum protein concentration increased to a lesser extent indicating protein loss during ultrafiltration. The ultrafiltrate contained 0.432 +/- 0.084 g/Liter of immunognobulins. The proportion of filtered IgA relative to its plasma concentration was highest and that of IgG lowest, probably due to differences in the shapes of their molecules

case of digoxin poisoning

A female patient took a large dose of digoxin in a suicidal attempt is reported. The case illustrates the effect of activated charcoal given in post-absorption period on the elimination of drugs with prolonged half-lives which undergo extensive enterohepatic circulation

Composition and structure of nickel 2 complexes with thiophenol and p-toluenethiol

Spectrophotometric studies in the visible region revealed that Ni [II] formed 1 :1, 1:2 and 1 : 4 stable complexes with thio-phenol and 1 : 2 and 1 : 4 complexes with p-toluenethiol in isopropanol. Some were isolated in the solid state under appropriate conditions and their structure was elucidated on the basis of chemical analysis, ir spectra, magnetic susceptibility and x-ray diffraction measurements. Tentative proposals for the kinetics and mechanism or complex formation are advanced. The formation constants of the complexes were determined by applying a modified form of the corresponding solutions method, using a suitable computational programme. The validity of the results provides additional evidence as to the applicability of the method to complex formation