ABSTRACT
The problem of removing pollutants from water is an important process and is becoming more important with the increasing of industrial activities. One of the most important environmental problems is water resources pollution by Heavy metals. Bioabsorbtion is affordable adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This study explores the adsorption potential of Cr [VI], Cd [II] and Ni [II] by Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit powder in aqueous solution. The influences of several main parameters such as pH value of solution, sorbent amount, initial metal ion concentration, and contact time in batch experiments have been studied. The adsorption was depended on pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. Maximum removal of Cr [VI], Cd [II] and Ni[II] were obtained 7.19mg/g, 2.42 mg/g and 1.97 mg/g respectively. Adsorption isotherms were compared with both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The experimental data best fit with the Langmuir isotherm model. Experimental results show natural biosorbent was effective for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution
ABSTRACT
Fuzzylogic computes a multi-criteria evaluation by means of either a Boolean analysis, Weighted Linear Combination [WLC] and Ordered Weighted Averaging [OWA] of factor images. OWA works with standardized factor images and employs a variant of the WLC. It takes into account the risk associated with the decision and degree of tradeoff associated with the variables in the analysis. In this research, for Ecological Capability Assessment and watersheds management in study area, we have studied 22 biological and physiological factors. For ecological capability evaluation, the method of OWA was deployed. This method involves criterion weights and order weights. The generality of OWA is related to its capability to implement different combination operators by selecting appropriate order weights. By specifying suitable order weights, it is possible to change the form of aggregation from the minimum-type combination through all intermediate types including the conventional weighted linear combination, to the maximum-type combination. The paper focuses on the OWA method as well as an approach for integrating Geographic Information System [GIS] and OWA. OWA has been developed as a generalization of multi-criteria combination. The OWA concept has been extended to the GIS applications as part of a decision support module in GIS. In this study to obtain the criteria weights, comparisons were made by evaluating 22 criteria against each other, therefore we attained comparable data via the technique of Analytical Hierarchy Process [AHP] and five scenarios of OWA method were used. The results of field studies, third scenario for the study area proposed
Subject(s)
Geographic Information Systems , Water , EcologyABSTRACT
Tamsulosin hydrochloride [HCl] is an alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist and its ability to inhibit alpha-1 adrenoceptor is more than alpha-2 adrenoceptor. Due to the important therapeutic role of Tamsulosin HCl in benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH], its side effects on the endocrine axes are also very important. The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of Tamsulosin HCl on serum level of testosterone and gonadotropins, and also on the spermatogengsis in adult male rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8. The experimental groups received 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day of Tamsulosin for 28 days. The sham group were treated with distilled water and the control group received nothing. The blood samples were taken on day 28 and the blood concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone were measured by RIA. Simulataneously, the testes of all rats were removed to assess the possible histological changes. The results were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan tests. The level of significance was considered at p