ABSTRACT
Many azoospermic men do not possess mature spermatozoa at the time of surgical sperm extraction. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating outcomes following round spermatid injection (ROSI), a technique which utilizes immature precursors of spermatozoa for fertilization. An electronic search was performed to identify relevant articles published through October 2018. Human cohort studies in English involving male patients who had round spermatids identified and used for fertilization with human oocytes were included. Fertilization rate, pregnancy rate, and resultant delivery rate were assessed following ROSI. Meta-analysis outcomes were analyzed using a random-effects model. Data were extracted from 22 studies involving 1099 couples and 4218 embryo transfers. The fertilization rate after ROSI was 38.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.5%-46.3%), while the pregnancy rate was 3.7% (95% CI: 3.2%-4.4%). The resultant delivery rate was low, with 4.3% of embryo transfers resulting in a delivery (95% CI: 2.3%-7.7%). The pregnancy rate per couple was 13.4% (95% CI: 6.8%-19.1%) and the resultant delivery rate per couple was 8.1% (95% CI: 6.1%-14.4%). ROSI has resulted in clinical pregnancies and live births, but success rates are considerably lower than those achieved with mature spermatozoa. While this technique may be a feasible alternative for men with azoospermia who decline other options, couples should be aware that the odds of a successful delivery are greatly diminished and the prognosis is relatively poor.
ABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other mammals. This study was aimed to understand the mechanism of action of veterinary medicine-sulfachloropyrazine [SPZ, 99.97%] against Toxop/asma gondii. T. gondii tachyzoites were soaked in PBS [as a control] or SPZ [250 mg/mL] for 2 h at 37 °C. After being processed, any ultrastructural changes of the tachyzoites that had occurred were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy [SEM] and Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM]. The tachyzoites from control groups with a uniform size had a smooth surface and intact cell or nuclear membranes. In addition, an oval-shaped nucleus, conoids and micronemes were also observed. By contrast, many parasites from the SPZ-treated groups were detrimentally affected by the treatment. Some appeared to be of the vacuolization in their cytoplasm, with the substantial reduction in the number of dense granules and the blur of some organelles. The morphology and ultrastructure of tachyzoites can be affected significandy by SPZ, which might kill the parasite by inhibiting its energy metabolism, inducing apoptosis and damaging its structure. The study provides an experimental basis for further study on the mechanism of SPZ against T. gondii
ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic non-infective joint arthritis. In this present study, the effect of new herbal pomade [Marhame-Mafasel] on knee osteoarthritis was investigated in randomized trial. The objective of this study was to assess efficacy of Marahme-Mafasel pomade, which was consisted of several medic herbs like Arnebia euchroma and Martricaria chamomilla in primary osteoarthritis of the knee with non-compliance. The 2x2 crossover trial enrolled 42 osteoarthritis patients [Marhame-Mafasel versus placebo] in 2006. The instrument of data collection was Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities [WOMAC] LK3.1 standard questionnaires. We used conditional estimation to adjust non-compliance effect. The participants in each group were 21 patients. About 30 [71.4%] were female. The participants were between 40-76 years old. Positive analgesic effect of herbal pomade "Marhame-Mafasel" on knee osteoarthritis severity was considerable [P<0.01]. After adjusting results to compliance level, the estimators were sharper than crude results. Herbal joint pomade "Marhame-Mafasel" has significant positive analgesic effect on primary knee osteoarthritis