[Assessment of changes in lipid levels after 3 years Tehran lipid and glucose Study]

The purpose of the study was to assess changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, non HDL-C and triglyceride levels over a 3-year period in subjects enrolled in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. A total of 1839 males and 2553 females, aged 3 years and over, were included in this study. Baseline demographic characteristics and lipid levels were determined GTT was performed at baseline and after 3 years in subjects >/=20 years age. In both sexes, BMI and WHR, [waist-hip ratio], increased significantly from baseline. Mean BMI at baseline was 24.7 +/- 5.8, which in phase 2, rose to 26.0 +/- 5.6 kg/m2 [p=0.001]. In phase one, 32 and 18.6% of all subjects and in phase two, 34 and 23.4% respectively were overweight and obese [p=0.05]. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance, [IGT], and Diabetes mellitus increased in phase 2 of the study. 13% of all subjects in phase 1 had IGT and 11.4% had diabetes these statistics increased to 14.2 and 12.3% respectively in phase 2. In phase 2, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, non HDL-C and triglycerides decreased significantly from baseline levels. In phases one and two, 5.1% and 7.6% of subjects respectively were unaware of their diabetes. There is a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as overweight, obesity, low HDL-C, IGT and diabetes in the urban population of Tehran. It was seen that although mean total cholesterol, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TG, SBP and DBP decreased significantly after 3 years, IGT, DM, overweight, obesity and Low HDL-C increased from baseline values

Serum lipoprotein [LP[a]] levels in patients with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance: an evaluation and comparison

Lipoprotein [a] [Lp[a]] is known as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis and changes in serum level of this molecule and other lipoproteins have been noticed in diabetic patients because the most important cause of death in these patients is related to their cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, patients with IGT [Impaired Glucose Tolerance] are more at risk of cardiovascular disease than the normal population. The main purpose of this study is to comparie Lp[a] serum levels between diabetic patients, patients with IGT and normal controls without any glucose metabolism disturbance. In this study, 180 patients [112 females, average age of 51 +/- 11 years and 68 males, average age of 54 +/- 14 years] were selected and placed in three separate age and sex matched groups [60 patients in each group] as Diabetic, IGT and Control group. After taking clinical history and determining body measurements, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and Lp[a] were measured in fasting blood samples. Lp[a] serum levels were not significantly different between the three groups. [DM:25.4 +/- 20.9, IGT: 24 +/- 21.4, Control: 24.6 +/- 17.9 mg/dL]. An increase in serum triglyceride was found in the diabetic patients compared with the controls. [DM: 210.6 +/- 91.5, control: 159 +/- 71.9 mg/dL p = 0.04]. HDL-C levels showed no significant difference between groups. In addition, HDL-C levels of the all three groups were lower than the recommended range of Coronary Artery Disease prevention. [average range of the three groups: 37.4 +/- 8.7 mg/dL] Total Cholesterol and LDL-C serum levels were higher in diabetic patients compared with the controls. [DM: 222.3 +/- 35.4 vs Control group: 191.7 +/- 46.5 mg/dL p < 0.007 and DM: 141.2 +/- 32.4 vs Control: 119.0 +/- 36.6 mg/dL p < 0.03]. In the IGT group, serum lipids levels were between the levels of the diabetic and control groups none of these differences were significant. This study shows that Lp[a] serum levels do not change in Diabetes Mellitus and IGT

Distribution of non-HDL-cholesterol among Tehranian children and adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Serum Low-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol has long been used as an important assessment tool to predict the risk of coronary artery diseases, but due to certain limitations in the use of this index, it has been shown recently that Apo lipoprotein B is a better screening tool. Non-HDL cholesterol [total cholesterol minus HDL-C] includes all the lipoprotein particles, which contain Apo lipoprotein B, and could be a good screening tool for Apo lipoprotein B during CAD assessment and treatment. This study aims at assessing the distribution and correlation of non-HDL-C and related factors in a population of Tehranian children and adolescents. The study sample consisted of 4298, 3-19 year-olds, [2019 boys[47%] and 2279 girls[53%]] who had participated in the first phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS], from 1998-2000. Anthropometric and clinical data were collected for analysis. Non-HDL-C levels were higher in girls than in boys of the same age groups, especially among the younger [3-4 year-olds] age groups. Body mass index and waist circumference were positively associated with non-HDL-C. Both non-HDL-C and LDL-C were strongly associated with each other and total cholesterol [r[2] = 0.81and p < 0.001]. Non-HDL-C and LDL-C are were associated with triglycerides, but the strength of this correlation with triglycerides was relatively weaker as compared to that with total cholesterol. Non-HDL-C showed a significant inverse relationship to HDL-C [r[2] = 0.01, p < 0.01]. It was also seen that non-HDL-C had a stronger correlation to BMI and body fatness indicies. Population based data on non-HDL-C are now available for children and adolescents, which may help improve the CAD risk assessment and related interventions

[Type of fatty acid intake, serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in relation to creatinine and GFR]

Correlation between, fury acids intake, serum lipid und lipoprotein with .serum creatinine and kidney function in patients with renal, failure has been suggested by other investigators. This relationship has not been reported, for all types of fatty acids. This study was conducted to determine the association of the consumption of different type of fatty acids, serum lipids and lipoproteins with serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate [GFR] in healthy adult subjects residing in district 13 of Tehran. There were 15003 subjects participated in TLGS. 1470 persons were 1-undotnly selected for nutritional assessment. After excluding under- and over-reporter 486 subjects aged over 20 years remained in the study. Dietary data were collected by two 24-hour dietary recalls. Serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL were measured by Selectra 2 autoanalyzer after 12hour fasting. GFR was calculated based on serum creatinine. Mean [+/-SD] of serum creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels and GFR were 1.04+/-0.16. 201+/-41. 153+/-125. 43+/-10. 128+/-37 mg/dl and 99+/-19 ml/min respectively. Subjects with saturated fatty acids intake of more than 10 percent of calorie had higher levels of serum creatinine versus the others [P>0.01. 10+/-0.009 vs 1.03+/-0.2]. People with oleic and linoleic acid intake of more than 10% and 1% of calorie respectively, had higher levels of serum creatinine and GFR [P<0. 01]. There were significant correlations between serum cholesterol, LDL. HDL, and triglyceride with serum creatinine [p<0.05, p< 0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively]. According to observed correlations the control of intake of desirable amount of fatty acids to desirable amount of fatty acids and serum is lipid and lipoprotein level is necessary for renal health