[ effect of electronic teaching of air medical transport on nurses learning]

Several positive properties of electronic teaching in teaching -learning situations have been caused its widespread prevalence in various fields. Among the target groups, nurses are the best choice for e-teaching because of their excessive working hours. So, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of electronic teaching of air medical transport on nurses learning. In this semi-experimental study 30 employed nurses in Baqiyatallah hospital of Tehran were selected by simple random sampling in 2011. The electronic teaching of air medical transport was done. The questionnaire was designed by researcher which consisted of 30 questions. This instrument assessed the effect of teaching in three levels of cognitive domain consisting of knowledge, comprehension and application before, immediately after teaching and 2 weeks later. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16, repeated measures ANOVA and independent T-Tests. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge scores, before, after teaching and 2 weeks later, were respectively 5/3 +/- 1/8, 7/5 +/- 1/92, 7/7 +/- 1/55, in comprehension level 4/76 +/- 1/61, 6/06 +/- 1/43, 6/33 +/- 1/47 and in application level 4/5 +/- 1/57, 7/56 +/- 2/04, 7/3 +/- 1/7. From 30 total scores, the scores of three levels were 14/3 +/- 3/71 before, 21/13 +/- 4/41 immediately after and 21/33 +/- 3/17 two weeks later. There was a significant difference in all levels of learning [P=0/003]. Results showed that application of virtual methods can be improve the learning of theoretical courses and active participation of nurses, thus it is recommended that multi-media methods are used in order to time saving and more effectiveness in nursing service training.

CPR training for nurses: how often is it necessary?

The ability to respond quickly and effectively to a cardiac arrest situation rests on nurses being competent, prepared and up-to-date in the emergency life-saving procedure of cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR]. This study aimed to determine the extent to which nurses acquire and retain CPR cognitive knowledge and psychomotor skills following CPR training courses. A quasi-experiment was used. CPR knowledge of 112 nurses was assessed via a questionnaire using valid multiple-choice questions. An observatory standard checklist was used and CPR performance on manikins was evaluated to assess psychomotor skills [before the course baseline, after the course, after 10 weeks and then 2 years after the 4 hours CPR training course]. Scores were based on a scale of 1 to 20. A mean baseline score of 10.67 [SD=3.06], a mean score of 17.81 [SD=1.41] after the course, 15.26 [SD=3.17] 10 weeks after and 12.86 [SD=2.25], 2 years after the 4 hours CPR training course was noticed. Acquisition of knowledge and psychomotor skills of the nurses following a four-hour training program was significant. However, significant deterioration in both CPR knowledge and psychomotor skills was observed 2 years after the training program among 42 nurses. The study findings present strong evidence to support the critical role of repetitive periodic CPR training courses to ensure that nurses were competent, up to date and confident responders in the event of a cardiac arrest

[Study of factors relation to internet use with usage of internet by teachers according to theory of reasoned action]

Due to the necessity of using the Internet as a source of important information by scientific community is increasing, thus determining the factors affecting faculty member's intention to use the Internet according to their position must be knowledge and important sources of information are familiar, has been considered. Therefore this study to determine the rate and factors relation to use the Internet to use intention by faculty members based on the theory of reasoned action was done. This descriptive correlation study that was conducted in 1388, the theory of rationed action was selected as the theoretical foundation and relation of the three factors: attitude to internet vise, subjective norms to internet use and external variables [demographic characteristics] with intention to use the internet was measured. Sampling method was sensuous and samples included all faculty members of the one of school of Nursing consisting of 29 persons. For attitude measurement to use the internet was used validated and reliable questionnaire 40 items and measurement of subjective norms to use the internet [8 items] and intention to use the internet [6 items] was done by making researcher questionnaire after acquisition of validity and reliability. Statistics tests were performed as Spearman, Pearson, Linear Regression Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and Multicollinearity analysis. In most samples, attitude was average and subjective norms were high and in half the samples, intention to the internet was average. According to the theory of reasoned action, between attitude and subjective norms to use of internet was existed direct correlation and was predictable [P<0.01]. Significant correlation between gender and attitude to use of internet [P=0.012] and also level of education had significant correlation with intention [P=0.014]. Also between clinical experience and attitude to use of internet was seen correlation [r=O.56, P=0.003]. Increasing of positive attitude and subjective norms to internet use will culminate intention to internet use [factors of the Theory of reasoned action]

[Comparison of impact of foot reflexology massage and Bensone relaxation on severity of pain after cesarean section: a randomized trial]

To compare the impact of foot reflexology massage and Bensone relaxation on severity of pain after cesarean section. A quasi-experimental time series design and clinical trial was used. Method of sampling was convenience non probability. Samples were placed in two groups: foot reflexology massage and Bensone relaxation and a control group. Pain was measured using a standard numerical pain scale. For data analysis Mann Whitney, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis and Wilkacson were performed. Comparison of the mean of pain severity was separately significant between two group and measured group [P<0.05]. Difference between the mean of pain severity also was significant between foot reflexology massage and Bensone relaxation [P=0.0001]. Foot reflexology massage and Bensone relaxation were effective on decreasing pain severity after women abdominal surgical operation and the impact of foot reflexology massage was superior

[Methods of nursing performance measurement]

Nurses play a critical role in health promotion of their society due to their professional importance. To continue this role, exact methods of nursing performance measurements are necessary. Performance measurement and evaluation is the most difficult stage in control process because it requires collecting data and designing scientific models. Measurement methods presented by researchers consist of patient point managed per nurse[PPMN 1974], therapeutic intervention scoring system with 76 therapeutic procedures [TISS28 1983] and its simplified version with 28 therapeutic procedures [TISS28 1997], time oriented score system [TOSS 1991], measurement of nursing diagnosis for nursing severity index [1992], nine equivalents of nursing man power use score [NEMS 1997], and nursing activity score[NAS 2003]. Prospective payment system that changed performance measurement and evaluation of hospitals' therapeutic personnel was approved in U.S congress in early 1980. In this system, the amount of insurance payment by companies has been identified in advance for each diagnostic related group of patients, based on their diagnosis. On the contrary, nursing services are provided according to human responses not just medical diagnosis. Continuing measurement leads to improved quality care. Measuring quantity of nursing care is much easier than measuring its quality. However, its importance has not been well recognized. It is evident that if authorities do not have enough knowledge about heavy work load of nursing care, they can not apply correct evaluation methods. In Iran, payments for nursing services at home or outpatient clinics have been identified but these services are not recognized in hospitals. Payments for nursing services in hospitalized patients constitute only a little amount of medical expenses under the coverage of insurance companies. Measuring nursing services can be a solution for this problem which will be discussed in this article