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Background@#Nonhuman primates are used for research purposes such as studying diseases and drug discovery and development programs. Various clinical pathology parameters are used as biomarkers of disease conditions in biomedical research. Detailed reports of these parameters are not available for Indian-origin rhesus macaques. To meet the increasing need for information, we conducted this study on 121 adult Indian rhesus macaques (57 wild-sourced and 64 inhouse animals, aged 3–7 years). A total of 18 hematology and 18 biochemistry parameters were evaluated and reported in this study. Data from these parameters were statistically evaluated for significance amongst inhouse and wild-born animals and for differences amongst sexes. The reference range was calculated according to C28-A3 guidelines for reporting reference intervals of clinical laboratory parameters. @*Results@#Source of the animals and sex appeared to have statistically significant effects on reference values and range. Wild-born animals reported higher WBC, platelets, neutrophils, RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, and total protein values in comparison to inhouse monkeys. Sex-based differences were observed for parameters such as RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and total protein amongst others. @*Conclusions@#Through this study, we have established a comprehensive data set of reference values and intervals for certain hematological and biochemical parameters which will help researchers in planning, conducting, and interpreting various aspects of biomedical research employing Indian-origin rhesus monkeys.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#The aim of this study was to use discrete event simulation (DES) to model the impact of two universal suicide risk screening scenarios (emergency department [ED] and hospital-wide) on mean length of stay (LOS), wait times, and overflow of our secure patient care unit for patients being evaluated for a behavioral health complaint (BHC) in the ED of a large, academic children’s hospital. @*Methods@#We developed a conceptual model of BHC patient flow through the ED, incorporating anticipated system changes with both universal suicide risk screening scenarios. Retrospective site-specific patient tracking data from 2017 were used to generate model parameters and validate model output metrics with a random 50/50 split for derivation and validation data. @*Results@#The model predicted small increases (less than 1 hour) in LOS and wait times for our BHC patients in both universal screening scenarios. However, the days per year in which the ED experienced secure unit overflow increased (existing system: 52.9 days; 95% CI, 51.5–54.3 days; ED: 94.4 days; 95% CI, 92.6–96.2 days; and hospital-wide: 276.9 days; 95% CI, 274.8–279.0 days). @*Conclusions@#The DES model predicted that implementation of either universal suicide risk screening scenario would not severely impact LOS or wait times for BHC patients in our ED. However, universal screening would greatly stress our existing ED capacity to care for BHC patients in secure, dedicated patient areas by creating more overflow.
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In 2009 Paolo Zamboni et al. implicated that chronic cerebral venous congestion lead to the development of multiple sclerosis. In this review, we examined the role of chronic cerbrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis and the proposed therapy entailing venous angioplasty and stenting of extracranial veins with available evidence to date.
Subject(s)
Angioplasty , Hyperemia , Multiple Sclerosis , Stents , Veins , Venous InsufficiencyABSTRACT
The combination of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and HMG CoA reductase inhibitors have shown to confer renoprotection.The purpose of this study was to find out the renoprotective effects of telmisartan and atorvastatin in combination and in monotherapy of Streptozotocin [STZ] induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Diabetes was induced by i.p injection of STZ to rats, after 18 hrs of fasting. Diabetic rats were randomly grouped and treated with telmisartan and atorvastatin in combination as well as monotherapy for 30 days. The serum and urine glucose, creatinine and serum triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin and micro-albumin and blood urea nitrogen, total protein and histological analyses of the left kidney were performed at the end of the study. By the end of the study, the combination showed significant [P < 0.05] improvement in urine glucose, serum cholesterol, serum and urine creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, serum albumin, micro-albuminuria levels in comparison to monotherapy. However, this combination didn't show significant changes on serum glucose and triglyceride levels. Kidney pathological injury was attenuated by the combination as compared to the diabetic group. The present study document that, telmisartan and atorvastatin combination have better renoprotective effects but not with individual drug when compared to the diabetic group. The combination also attenuated the progression of diabetic nephropathy by slowing the proteinuria and microalbuminuria and these effects were confirmed by histopathological analysis
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The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial [ISAT] was designed as the first multi-central international prospective randomized trial aiming to compare the safety and efficacy of the 2 available treatments for ruptured intracranial aneurysms; endovascular coiling and surgical clipping. The initial results were published in the Lancet [2002], and it showed clearly a superiority of coiling over clipping in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms; 22.7% of coiled patients were dependent or dead compared with 30.6% in the surgical group with absolute risk reduction of 6.9%. The results of the ISAT drew huge attention from both scientific authorities and lay media. Despite criticisms, the study has made a significant impact on the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, especially in the United Kingdom and Europe. Since their initial results, the ISAT group has published further papers and updates covering more interesting results regarding the risks of rebleeding, repeat procedures, epilepsy, and the cost effectiveness of both treatments
Subject(s)
Aneurysm, Ruptured/surgery , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Prospective Studies , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Cost-Benefit AnalysisABSTRACT
Unilateral pulmonary oedema of the contralateral side following rapid thoracocentesis of pleural fluid in a patient associated with LVF has not been repoted. We belive that it is important to increase the awareness of the re-expansion pulmonary oedema and its possible serious complications. The guidelines for prevention and management are discussed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Pleural Effusion/pathology , Pleural Effusion/diagnostic imaging , /etiologyABSTRACT
Two cases of lipoid pneumonia with a positive history of fat aspiration were described. Plain films showed multilobar persistent consolidation and air bronchogram. One case showed mass like lesion in right upper lobe. The diagnosis has been made with the help of clinical history and radiological findings. This was confirmed with lung biopsy in one case. Review of literature published from Saudi Arabia has been discussed. Lipoid pneumonia can result from aspiration of variety of materials including milk, mineral or vegetable oil, animal fat, and oily nasal drops. There is low incidence of lipoid pneumonia in pediatric age group in developed countries. However, in Saudi Arabia the condition continues to be a problem because of traditional practices of administration of oily substances to children in some areas of the kingdom in the believe that oil is good for blocked nose, irregular bowel habits and general well being. Sometimes, in fact, infants and children are forcibly fed such substances. The diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia is usually delayed unless parents are directly questioned about oil feeding practice. The condition is difficult to differentiate from infectious pneumonia both clinically and radiologically. The aim of this paper is to review the radiological findings in the reported cases of lipoid pneumonia in Saudi Arabia and to discuss the possible explanations of these findings with report of 2 new cases
Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Lipid/diagnosis , /diagnostic imaging , ChildABSTRACT
The chest radiographs of 24 cases of werdnig Hoffmann disease [WHD] have been reviewed. The consolidation and emphysema were major abnormalities. Other lesions such as elevation of diaphragm, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and thoracic cage abnormality were also observed. Correlation between chest radiograph and clinical presentation were discussed