[ effects of Boswellia serrata and Lavandula angustifolia extracts administration on improving erection dysfunction following opioid dependence]

Background: Erection dysfunction, weakness, the inability to achieve an erection or hold the erection long enough to reach sexual relationship is said. Prevalence studies indicate that 20 to 22 percent of men around the world suffer from erectile dysfunction. Several methods have been proposed to improve this process but those have been unsuccessful mainly due to multiple complications

Objective: The aim of this study was assessing the effects of administration of Boswellia serrata and Lavandula angustifolia extracts in improving erection dysfunction following opioid dependence

Methods: Both plants were extracted and formulized for administration. Choosing patients was based on medical standards, questionnaire of International Index of Erection Function and standard criteria test. The proper cases were categorized randomly in one of three groups under study regarding DSM5 criteria. The investigation continued for two month for all groups: oral extract administered group, placebo treatment group and no premature treatment as a control group. The scores gained form fast ejaculating questionnaire were assessed in early stages of treatment [pretest], one month after treatment [posttests], and two month after treatment [fallow]

Results: The results showed with regarding inter group causes; the F value calculated for assessing drug effect in recovery of premature ejaculation in various stages would be meaningful in the level of 0.05 [F=3.601, P<0.05]

Conclusion: It seems that, administration of Boswellia serrata and Lavandula angustifolia extracts compounds can be effective in recovery of erection function in opioid addicted patients

[Comparing the effect of Boswellia serrata and Lavandula angustifolia extract administration with the placebo on improvement of premature ejaculation during methadone treatment of opioid]

Background: Premature ejaculation is the most common disorder in men. Different methods have been proposed to recover this problem while, often most of them have been unsuccessful in practice due to multiple after comes

Objective: Our study aimed to compare the effect of combination extracts of [Boswellia serrata] and [Lavandula angustifolia] and placebo on recovery of premature ejaculation

Methods: Both plants were extracted and formulized for administration. Choosing patients was based on medical standards, questionnaire of premature ejaculation and standard criteria test. The proper cases were categorized randomly in one of three groups under study regarding DSM5 criteria. The number of samples in each group has hypothesized 30 and investigation continued for two month for all groups: oral extract administered group, placebo treatment group and no premature treatment as a control group. The scores gained form fast ejaculating questionnaire were assessed in early stages of treatment [pretest], one month after treatment [posttests], and two month after treatment [fallow]

Results: The results showed that combination therapy with plant extracts was significantly potent to reduce premature ejaculation performance scores index than placebo and control group; the F value calculated for assessing drug effect in recovery of premature ejaculation in various stages will be meaningful in the level of 0.05 [F=14.23, P<0.05]

Conclusion: It seems that, compounds of [Boswellia serrata] and [Lavandula angustifolia] extract can be effective in recovery of premature ejaculation opioid addicted patients. The mechanism and effective ingredients causing this effect are needed to be further investigated

Correlation between anxiety in labor and duration as well as outcome of delivery in women attended to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti Medical University and Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital

Delivery is a stressful event. It seems that the cervix of an anxious woman does not dilate easily. The purpose of this study was determine the correlation between anxiety during labor and duration as well as outcome of delivery in women referring to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Behshti Medical University and Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital. A descriptive correlational design was used. 200 women were selected via a multistage quota sampling in each hospital. A demographic and obstetrical questionnaire, Spielberg's State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a checklist regarding the condition of the parturient women during hospitalization, duration of labor as well as delivery and Apgar score of the neonate were used for data collection.Data were analysed' using SPSS 16 statistical software. most women experienced moderate anxiety [%53/5].Mean of total time of delivery was 250/87 +/- 150/34 minutes,%94/5 was normal delivery and the mean of apgar score in first minute was 9 and in 5 minute was 10. No significant correlation was found between anxiety in labor room and duration [first, second and third stage] as well as outcome [type and Apgar score] of delivery. Since most women experienced moderate anxiety, midwives and other healthcare workers should consider psychological aspects of mothers in labor rooms and make the atmosphere of these placed favorable addition, preparative educational courses during pregnancy is needed

Relationship between violence during pregnancy and postpartum depression

Due to the lack of evidence in relation to violence against pregnant women, particularly in developing countries, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between violence during pregnancy and postpartum depression in Marivan, western Iran. 240 women between 15 and 40 years at the last month of their pregnancy were selected and divided into two groups: those experiencing violence and those without and matched for age, education, occupation of their own and their husbands', income, marital status, parity and desired or unwanted pregnancy. They were followed 2 to 6 weeks after delivery. Participants were Iranian Kurd, literate and singleton with no known pregnancy complications and depressive disorder in their lifespan. Demographic and obstetrical characteristics, Edinburg's postpartum depression, violence in three domains of physical, sexual, and emotional were recorded in a questionnaire. Mean age of subjects was 26.02 +/- 5.53 years mostly in primary educational level and were housewives. The scores of Edinburg's questionnaire ranged from 0 to 27 [8.25 +/- 6.82] and 34.2% [82 women] of them obtained score 10 or more. The frequency of postpartum depression was 52.5% and 15.8% in women experiencing violence and those without, respectively. A significant relationship was found between domestic violence and postpartum depression [p<0.001] and the estimation of relative risk of depression with 95% confidence interval was between 2.1 and 5.1 [RR=3.3]. Based on adverse effects of violence during pregnancy in this study, a routine screening at perinatal clinics is suggested to identify at-risk cases and provide necessary health services

fruit essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. reduced the acquisition but not expression of ineffective dose of morphine induce conditioned place preference in morphine-sensitized mice

Cuminum cyminum fruit essential oil [FEO] dose-dependently can attenuate the expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in morphine-dependent mice. In this study, the effects of Cuminum cyminum FEO on acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference [CPP] in morphine-sensitized mice were studied. Repeated subcutaneous [s.c.] administration of morphine [5 mg/kg], once daily for three and 5 days free of the opioid [sensitization period], increased conditioning response induced by ineffective doses of morphine [0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg]. The results showed that intra-peritoneal [i.p.] injection of Cumin FEO [0. 001, 0.01, 0. 1, 0.5, 1 and 2%; 5 ml/kg] or Tween-80 [0.5%; 5 ml/kg], 60 mm before administration of morphine or saline during sensitization period [acquisition], decreased the conditioning response induced by ineffective dose of morphine [0.5 mg/kg; s.c.] at the doses of 1% [P<0.05] and 2% [P<0.001] while Cumin FEO [0.001-2%; i.p.], just 60 mm before the test on post-conditioning phase [expression experiments], did not alter the conditioning scores in morphine-and non-sensitized mice. Our findings showed that the Cuminum cyminum fruit essential oil reduces the acquisition but not expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in morphine-sensitized mice

Providing emotional stability through relaxation training

To determine the effects of integrative relaxation training [IRT] on emotional stability, we exposed 32 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder to a pre-test [16PF] and to 12 sessions of group psychoeducation training. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups [study 17 and control 15 patients]. The study group received 12 weekly group sessions of IRT. Level of anxiety was evaluated in a post-test using a questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]. Emotional stability and level of anxiety were significantly reduced in the study group: there was a marked increase in scores for emotionally s and venturesome and a decrease in scores for apprehensive and tense. The STAI score was statistically significantly lower in the study group

Effects of the Crocus sativus L. extract on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in female mice

Experiments indicated that Crocus sativus L. extract may have an interaction with morphine. The effects of C. sativus on the euphoric properties of morphine in female mice did not studied. In the present study, the effects of water extract of C. sativus stigma on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference [CPP] in female N-MARI mice [20-25 g] were investigated. This experimental study was conducted on the 136 female mice that were divided in 17 groups [n=8/group]. In a pilot study, different doses of morphine [1, 10 and 20 mg/kg] and the extract [10, 50 and 100 mg/kg] were injected to the animals for evaluation of the drugs ability to induction of place preference. In the second phase of the experiments, the extract of the C. sativus was administered during or after induction of morphine CPP. Then, CPP were tested in the animals. One-way Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] was proformed for statistical procedure. Administration of morphine [1, 10 and 20 mg/kg], increased the time spend in the compartment paired with morphine [i.e. conditioned place preference-CPP]. The increament was significant for the dose 10 and 20 mg/kg of morphine. Administration of the plant extract [50 mg/kg] also produced a significant CPP. Injection of the same doses of the extract before morphine [10 mg/kg] administration, caused a decrease in the time spent in drug-paired side in doses 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract. In addition, injection of the plant extract in the test day to the animals in which received morphine [10 mg/kg] in the conditioning days decreased the expression of morphine CPP in the animals which was statisticaly significant for dose 10 mg/kg of the extract. It could be concluded that injection of the extract of C. sativus can inhibit the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced CPP. In addition, the extract produced CPP in female mice by it-self. These results indicated that saffron extract might be useful in morphine-induced psychological dependence in human as well

[Correlation between intensity of fatigue with pregnancy outcome]

Fatigue is one of the pregnant women prevalent complaints during pregnancy. Physical, psychological and situational factors predispose the women to fatigue. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between intensity of fatigue and pregnancy outcome. In this analytical-descriptive study, a total of 180 pregnant mothers who had characteristics of survey units were selected by multistage sampling. They completed questionnaire from 32 week of gestation up to labor pain. Then, they were divided into 3 groups of mild, moderate and severe base on their fatigue scores. Age and birth weight determined with questionnaire and checklist and correlation between intensity of fatigue and delivery type, age and weight in birth with statistical tests were calculated. Based on the results, the frequency of mild, intermediate and intensive fatigue in the women were 37.77%, 35%, and 27.22%, respectively. The intensity of fatigue was correlated with delivery type [P<0.05, OR=1.07], neonatal age at birth [P<0.001, r=0.470] and birth weight [P<0.001, r=0.911]. Fatigue in pregnant women is a main problem and has undesirable effects on its outcome. Therefore, attention to train and interventional care for reduction of fatigue is suggested

Evaluation of the relationship between domestic violence in pregnancy and postnatal depression

Domestic violence against women is now widely recognized as an important public health problem. Research works are necessary to clarify the relationship between the different forms of domestic violence and mental health outcomes, especially in the developing countries where relatively little research is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between domestic violence in pregnancy and postnatal depression in pregnant women referring to the health care centers in Marivan, in 1386. This study was a prospective cohort study. Sample size included 251 women at the last month of pregnancy who were questioned about domestic violence during pregnancy and assigned into 2 groups: abused and non-abused groups. Each group included 120 patients. 11 patients were lost to follow up. Then the subjects filled out the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire within 4-6 weeks after delivery. P<0/05 considered statistically significant. The mean age of the subjects was 26.02 +/- 5.53 years and most of them had elementary education. The prevalence rate of depression among the patients was 34.2%.%15.8 of the women in the abused group and%52.5 of the women in the non-abused group had scores of more than 10 on the basis of Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale. There was a significant relationship between domestic violence and postnatal depression [p<0.001]. The relative risk of depression RR=3.3 with a confidenc interval of 95% was between 2.1 and 5.1. Since the detrimental impacts of domestic violence during pregnancy have been clarified in this research and other studies, it is recommended to screen such cases routinely in order to recognize abused cases for counseling

Effects of the crocus sativus l. extract on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in female mice

The prevalence of opioid addiction is releativly high in Iran. Since the mechanism [s] of opioid addiction are not clear, this social problem is still remained unresolved. In the present study, the effects of water extract of Crocus sativus on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in female N-MARI mice [20-25 g] are investigated. Sensitization was induced by single injection of morphine [5 mg/kg] for three consecutive days followed by five days resting. On the 9th day of the experiments, the sensitization was assessed in animals by a single injection of very low dose of morphine [0.5 mg/kg]. The extract of the C. sativus was administered during or after induction of morphine sensitization. Then, the sensitization were tested in the animals. In order to evaluate the effects of the drugs on locomotor activity, morphine and the extract were administered to the animal in a pilot study. Our findings show that administration of morphine [0.5,5 and 50 mg/kg], induced a significant activity in animals. The increament was significant for the dose 50 mg/kg of morphine. On the other hand, administration of the plant extract [10, 50 and 100 mg/kg] also produced a significant hyperactivity and hypoactivity in the animals. Preadministration of the animals by extract [10, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.] reduced morphine effects. Injection of the same extract [10, 50 and 100 mg/kg] 30 min before the morphine [5 mg/kg] administration in the traning days, caused a significant decrease in locomotor activity in animals, i.e. reduced the acquisition of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Injection of the plant extract [10, 50 and 100 mg/kg] in the test day, 30 min before morphine [0.5 mg/kg] administration also reduced the locomotor activity in the animals, i.e. reduced the expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. It can be concluded that the extract of C sativus may inhibit morphine-induced hyperactivity and also acquisition and expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in female mice which could be also usefull in human

[Reboxetine versus methylphenidate in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] is a prevalent disorder among children and stimulant remedies are the drugs of choice for its treatment. A substantial minority of stimulant-treated patient do not respond adequately or cannot tolerate the associate adverse effects and these difficulties highlight the need for alternative effective medications. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine compared to that of methylphenidate in treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. Thirty three children [7-16 years of age] diagnosed with ADHD, participated in a 6-week double-blind clinical trial with reboxetine [4-6mg/d] and methylphenidate [25-50mg/d]. The principal measure of the outcome was the Teacher and Parent ADHD Rating Scale. Patients were assessed by a child psychiatrist at baseline of treatment and 2, 4 and 6 weeks of medication, respectively. No significant differences were observed between two protocols of the parent and teacher ADHD rating scale scores and in terms of the dropouts and both groups showed a significant improvement in ADHD symptoms over the 6 weeks of treatment. The most common adverse effects seen with reboxetine were sedation/drowsiness and mild to sever decrease in appetite. Our finding must be considered preliminary, however, they do suggest that reboxetine may be beneficial in the treatment of ADHD. Further research is needed to clarify the potential benefit for comorbid depression and anxiety with ADHD and profile of side effects

[ effects of crocus sativus extract on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice]

The effects of Crocus sativus [Saffron] on the euphoric properties of morphine have not yet been studied. In the present study, the effects of water extract of C. sativus stigma on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference [CPP] in male N-MARI mice [weighted 20-25 g] were investigated. This experimental study was conducted on 136 male mice that were divided into 17 groups [n=8/group]. In a pilot study, different doses of morphine [1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg] and C. sativus extract [10, 50 and 100 mg/kg] were injected to the animals, to evaluate the drugs ability in induction of place preference. In the second phase of the experiments, the extract of the C. sativus was administered during or after induction of morphine CPP. Then, CPP were tested in the animals. One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] was performed for statistical procedure. Administration of morphine [1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg], increased the required time in the compartment paired with morphine [i.e. CPP] that was significant [p<0.001] for those animals that received 4 and 8 mg/kg of morphine. Administration of the plant extract [50 mg/kg] also produced a significant CPP [p<0.01] compared with control group. Injection of the same dose of the extract before morphine [8 mg/kg] administration, caused a decrease in the time spent in drug-paired side only in dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract [p<0.05]. In addition, injection of the plant extract in the test days to the animals, which reveived morphine [8 mg/kg] in the conditioning days, enhanced the expression of morphine CPP in the animals, that was statisticaly significant for the extract at the concentration of 50 mg/kg [p<0.05]. It could be concluded that injection of the extract of C. sativus can inhibit the acquisition but enhanced the expression of morphine-induced CPP. In addition, the extract can produce CPP by itself

[Effects of papaver rhoeas L. extract on the expression and development of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice]

In the present study, the effects of water-alcohol extract of Papaver rhoeas on the expression and acquisition of morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference [CPP] in male N-MARI mice [20-25 g] were investigated. In a pilot study, different doses of morphine or the extract were administered to the animals to indicate whether the drugs could induce place preference in particular apparatus. In the second part of the experiment, the animals received different doses of extract 30 min before each morphine injection [acquisition] or 30 min before beginning of the test [expression]. Subcutaneous [SC] administration of morphine [1, 10 and 20 mg/kg] produced place preference. On the other hand, intra peritoneal [IP] administration of the plant extracts [25, 50 and 100 mg/kg] did not show any effect. Injection of extract [25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, IP] 30 min before the morphine administration decreased the acquisition of morphine CPP. Administration of the plant extract [25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, IP] 30 min before the test increased the expression of morphine-induced CPP. It could be concluded that the extract of Papaver rhoeas reduced the acquisition, but did not influence the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice