Improved unilateral puncture PVP based on 3D printing technology for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical effect of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) combined with 3D printing technology for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture.@*METHODS@#A total of 77 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures from October 2020 to April 2022 were included in the study, all of which were vertebral body compression fractures caused by trauma. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into experimental group and control group. Thirty-two patients used 3D printing technology to improve unilateral transpedicle puncture vertebroplasty in the experimental group, there were 5 males and 27 females, aged from 63 to 91 years old with an average of (77.59±8.75) years old. Forty-five patients were treated with traditional bilateral pedicle puncture vertebroplasty, including 7 males and 38 females, aged from 60 to 88 years old with an average of(74.89±7.37) years old. Operation time, intraoperative C-arm X-ray times, anesthetic dosage, bone cement injection amount, bone cement diffusion good and good rate, complications, vertebral height, kyphotic angle (Cobb angle), visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and other indicators were recorded before and after surgery, and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 6 to 23 months, with preoperative imaging studies, confirmed for thoracolumbar osteoporosis compression fractures, two groups of patients with postoperative complications, no special two groups of patients' age, gender, body mass index (BMI), time were injured, the injured vertebral distribution had no statistical difference(P>0.05), comparable data. Two groups of patients with bone cement injection, bone cement dispersion rate, preoperative and postoperative vertebral body height, protruding after spine angle(Cobb angle), VAS, ODI had no statistical difference(P>0.05). The operative time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times and anesthetic dosage were statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05). Compared with the traditional bilateral puncture group, the modified unilateral puncture group combined with 3D printing technology had shorter operation time, fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and less anesthetic dosage. The height of anterior vertebral edge, kyphosis angle (Cobb angle), VAS score and ODI of the affected vertebrae were statistically different between two groups at each time point after surgery(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures, 3D printing technology is used to improve unilateral puncture PVP, which is convenient and simple, less trauma, short operation time, fewer fluoroscopy times, satisfactory distribution of bone cement, vertebral height recovery and kyphotic Angle correction, and good functional improvement.

Analysis of design scheme and manufacturing process of laser-cut 316L medical catheters / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the manufacturing process and performance of laser-cut 316L medical catheters based on catheter designs with different cutting methods.Methods Two design schemes of straight and oblique spiral cut were proposed under interrupted spiral cut pattern.Straight and oblique spiral cut medical catheters were obtained with desired laser parameters,cutting speed and focus position of the laser cutting machine,oxygen as the auxiliary gas and nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid as the acid cleaning solution for the post-treatment process,which were compared with Direxion torqueable microcatheter and tested for traceability,torsion control and tensile strength.Results Laser-cut 316L medical catheters were less likely to hurt blood vessels for its advantages over Direxion torqueable microcatheter in surface brightness and roundness of grooved edges,while Direxion torqueable microcatheter behaved better in intensity and width uniformity of grooves and regularity of semi circles at ends of grooves.Straight spiral cut medical catheters had the traceability,torsion control and tensile strength increased by 50％,22％and 33％respectively when compared with oblique spiral cut catheters.Conclusion Laser cutting parameters and post-treatment process are the main factors affecting the appearance and size of laser cut medical catheters,and also of importance for improving the qualified rate of product processing and assembly.The catheter cutting design scheme is also a key element influencing the physical properties of medical catheters.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):31-36]

Loss-of-Function Variant in the SMPD1 Gene in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Richardson Syndrome Patients of Chinese Ancestry

Lysosomal dysfunction plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and possibly Parkinson-plus syndromes such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This role is exemplified by the involvement of variants in the GBA1 gene, which results in a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase and is the most frequently identified genetic factor underlying PD worldwide. Pathogenic variants in the SMPD1 gene are a recessive cause of Niemann–Pick disease types A and B. Here, we provide the first report on an association between a loss-of-function variant in the SMPD1 gene present in a heterozygous state (p.Pro332Arg/p.P332R, which is known to result in reduced lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase activity), with PSP-Richardson syndrome in three unrelated patients of Chinese ancestry.

Distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients with wound infection in Yunnan / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the distribution characteristics of the main pathogens of HIV/AIDS patients with wound infections and provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods　The clinical data of 294 patients with positive secretions or pus specimens from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results　A total of 357 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 294 cases, of which 123 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (G-b), accounting for 34.5%, were mainly Escherichia coli (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.9%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%); Gram-positive bacilli (G+b) 14 strains, accounting for 3.9%; 108 Gram-positive cocci (G+c), accounting for 30.3%, of which 44 strains were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus (12.3%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci were mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.2%) and Staphylococcus hemolyticus (2.8%); 37 strains of fungi, accounting for 10.4%, were mainly Candida albicans (5.9%); 75 strains of Mycobacterium, accounting for 21.0%, including 41 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (11.5%) and 34 strains of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (9.5%). 52 of the 294 HIV/AIDS patients had mixed infections, accounting for 17.7%. There was significant difference in the distribution of G+c, G-b, mycobacteria and mixed infection among different specimen sources (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in the distribution of mycobacteria among different CD4+T lymphocyte counts (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the level of CD4+T lymphocytes between patients of different ages (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in the level of CD4+T lymphocytes from postoperative incision and other parts (P<0.05). Conclusions　Patients with HIV/AIDS are prone to combined wound infections with various pathogenic bacteria. We should strengthen the research on wound infection in HIV/AIDS patients, and timely send patients with a low number of CD4+T lymphocytes for secretion or pus culture, so as to carry out targeted treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.

Inhibition of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on transforming growth factor-beta 2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)on transforming growth factor-beta 2(TGF-β2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human lens epithelial cells(LECs).METHODS: LECs were treated with various doses of PDTC chemicals following TGF-β2 caused EMT on these cells. Cell proliferation and lateral migration were discovered using the CCK-8 and cell scratch test. The markers of EMT, including E-cadherin, α-SMA and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway-related expression, were tested by Western Blot as well as the changes in the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins BAX, BCL-2, Caspase-3, and Cyclin D1.RESULTS: The proliferation and migration viability of cells in the TGF-β2 treated group was increased compared to the group without TGF-β2, and the expression of α-SMA increased whereas the E-cadherin expression decreased. With the effect of TGF-β2, NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 expression increased, the concentration of TGF-β2 that had the greatest capacity for proliferation and migration was 10 ng/mL(P&#x003C;0.05). Mechanism study of PDTC-induced EMT reversal and apoptosis showed that cell viability and migratory capability were both significantly reduced after PDTC intervention; PDTC prevents IκB phosphorylation, thus inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. Protein associated to the NF-κB signaling pathway, and protein expression of NF-κB/IκBα/p-IκBα/Iκκ-α/p-Iκκ-α was decreased(P&#x003C;0.05), PDTC increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX/Caspase-3, expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein BCL-2 and the cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 was reduced. The expression of NF-κB/IκB mRNA was reduced, expression of the apoptosis-related mRNA BAX increased, while BCL-2 reduced.CONCLUSION: The EMT in LECs cells induced by TGF-β2 can be significantly reversed by PDTC, which may be related to the decreased expression of NF-κB p65/IκB/Iκκ-α and activation of apoptosis-related protein. PDTC can reverse EMT by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway and induce apoptosis of abnormally proliferated cells, which will provide new potential therapeutic agents for posterior capsular opacification(PCO)treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment of 4 cases imported severe malaria and COVID-19 co-infection / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of imported severe malaria and COVID-19 co-infection cases, and to provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control measures. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatment process and prognosis of 4 cases of severe malaria and COVID-19 co-infection with confirmed diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively. Four cases of severe malaria were African returnees of the same batch, male, aged 40-54 years old, with the same journey track. They all had African work and life history and acute onset. The main clinical manifestations were fever (4/4), chills (3/4), chills (3/4), nausea and vomiting (3/4), diarrhea (4/4), fatigue and anorexia (4/4). Two cases had headache and dizziness, confusion, muscle aches, two cases had cough, one cases had sputum, sore throat and runny urine. All 4 cases were confirmed by positive nucleic acid detection of the new coronavirus (2019-nCOV) in throat swabs. Plasmodium falciparum was found by microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears of all patients, and all of them were consistent with high altitude helminthiasis. All cases were accompanied by abnormal liver function and severe hypoproteinemia, two cases were hyperbilirubinemia, three cases were dyslipidemia, three cases were involved in abnormal tertiary hemogram with different degrees of elevation of procalcitonin, two cases were lactic acid poisoning, and one case was hypoglycemia. One case showed viral pneumonia on chest CT. All cases were treated individually according to the different conditions and were discharged after improvement, and were rechecked for 2019-nCOV nucleic acid and microscopic examination of blood smear negative for Plasmodium.During the global COVID-19 epidemic, the emergence of coinfection cases of con-infection of imported malaria parasites and severe acuterespiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) makes the clinical diagnosis and treatment more complicated. It is important to establish the awareness of simultaneous prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19 and malaria for local prevention and control and early warning of severe cases, and timely and effective formulation of treatment plan to improve the comprehensive treatment efficiency.

Measurement of the Thermic Effect of Food in a Chinese Mixed Diet in Young People / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the thermic effect of food (TEF) in a Chinese mixed diet in young people.@*METHODS@#During the study, the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days, and during this period, basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer. The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF.@*RESULTS@#Twenty healthy young students (18-30 years; 10 male) participated in the study. The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy ( P > 0.05). The percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range. The intakes of fruits, milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment ( P > 0.05). When adjusted for body weight, there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%.@*CONCLUSION@#The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10% ( P < 0.001). A value of 10% is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.

Epididymis cell atlas in a patient with a sex development disorder and a novel NR5A1 gene mutation / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aims to characterize the cell atlas of the epididymis derived from a 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) patient with a novel heterozygous mutation of the nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1) gene. Next-generation sequencing found a heterozygous c.124C>G mutation in NR5A1 that resulted in a p.Q42E missense mutation in the conserved DNA-binding domain of NR5A1. The patient demonstrated feminization of external genitalia and Tanner stage 1 breast development. The surgical procedure revealed a morphologically normal epididymis and vas deferens but a dysplastic testis. Microfluidic-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis found that the fibroblast cells were significantly increased (approximately 46.5%), whereas the number of main epididymal epithelial cells (approximately 9.2%), such as principal cells and basal cells, was dramatically decreased. Bioinformatics analysis of cell-cell communications and gene regulatory networks at the single-cell level inferred that epididymal epithelial cell loss and fibroblast occupation are associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The present study provides a cell atlas of the epididymis of a patient with 46,XY DSD and serves as an important resource for understanding the pathophysiology of DSD.

The association between heavy metal exposure and erectile dysfunction in the United States / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Literature regarding the impacts of heavy metal exposure on erectile dysfunction (ED) is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between 10 urinary metals and ED in a large, nationally representative adult male sample. The dataset was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period of 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Weighted proportions and multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables were utilized to determine the relationship between metal exposure and ED. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was utilized to evaluate the impact of a mixture of urinary metals on ED. A total of 1328 participants were included in our study. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, cobalt (Co) and antimony (Sb) were positively associated with ED (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.73, P = 0.020; and OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12-1.77, P = 0.018, respectively) after full adjustment. Men in tertile 4 for Co (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.41, P for trend = 0.012) and Sb (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.08-2.40, P for trend = 0.041) had significantly higher odds of ED than those in tertile 1. Furthermore, the WQS index was significantly linked with increased odds of ED after full adjustment (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.72, P < 0.05). Our study expanded on previous literature indicating the possible role of heavy metal exposure in the etiology of ED. The evaluation of heavy metal exposure should be included in the risk assessment of ED.

The Structure and Function of Glial Networks: Beyond the Neuronal Connections / 神经科学通报·英文版

Glial cells, consisting of astrocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells, and microglia, account for >50% of the total number of cells in the mammalian brain. They play key roles in the modulation of various brain activities under physiological and pathological conditions. Although the typical morphological features and characteristic functions of these cells are well described, the organization of interconnections of the different glial cell populations and their impact on the healthy and diseased brain is not completely understood. Understanding these processes remains a profound challenge. Accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells can form highly complex interconnections with each other. The astroglial network has been well described. Oligodendrocytes and microglia may also contribute to the formation of glial networks under various circumstances. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of glial networks and their pathological relevance to central nervous system diseases. We also highlight opportunities for future research on the glial connectome.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of early death in adult patients with hemophagocytic syndrome / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of early death in adult patients with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS).Methods:The clinical data of 53 adult HPS patients in Xianning Central Hospital, Huangshi Central Hospital and Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from September 2016 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were grouped according to whether they died within 28 d after diagnosis. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. A multivariate analysis of patients' death within 28 d was performed using logistic regression.Results:In 53 adult HPS patients, the mortality rate within 28 d was 28.3% (15/53). The survival time of patients was related to white blood cell count ( r = 0.324, P = 0.018), total bilirubin level ( r = -0.280, P = 0.042) and albumin level ( r = 0.281, P = 0.042), but there was no linear causality (all P > 0.05). When compared between the death within 28 d group and the non-death within 28 d group, the differences in patients' age, platelet count, albumin level, creatine kinase isoenzyme level, triacylglycerol level, ferritin level, and central nervous system involvement were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that platelet count <30×10 9/L, albumin <30 g/L, central nervous system involvement, and ferritin ≥10 000 ng/ml were independent risk factors for patients' death within 28 d (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:In adult HPS patients, assessing the risk of early death based on ferritin level, platelet count, albumin level, and neurological symptoms, actively correcting internal environmental disturbances, and enhancing organ support therapy can contribute to survival benefit.

Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic infection of brucellosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic infection of brucellosis, in order to provide reference for prevention and treatment of brucellosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect the clinical data of patients with brucellosis asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases admitted to the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA from 2017 to 2021, and the demography characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results were analyzed.Results:The results showed that a total of 18 cases of asymptomatic infection and 85 confirmed cases of brucellosis were included, and there was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, occupation and ethnicity distribution between the two groups ( F = 7.09, χ 2 = 0.74, 4.02, 0.55, P = 0.295, 0.785, 0.327, 1.000). The 18 cases of asymptomatic infection of brucellosis were found through screening in key populations, and no clinical symptoms or abnormal imaging signs were observed. The clinical symptoms of 85 confirmed cases were mainly muscle and joint pain, fever, sweating, fatigue, and low back pain; and the imaging manifestations were mainly arthritis, splenomegaly, and spondylitis. The median percentage of eosinophils (0.70%, 1.40%), percentage of basophils (3.05%, 0.40%), C-reactive protein (1.62, 4.62 mg/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1.00, 11.00 mm/h), and antibody titer of serum agglutination test (1 ∶ 100, 1 ∶ 200) showed statistically significant differences between asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases of brucellosis ( Z = - 2.97, - 5.11, - 3.49, - 3.21, - 3.50, P = 0.003, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.007). Conclusions:There is a difference in the composition of granulocytes between asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases of brucellosis, and the level of inflammatory response indicators is lower than that of confirmed cases. Regular seroepidemiological surveys among key populations can help screen for asymptomatic infection of brucellosis.

Correlation between visceral adipose index and glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国基层医药

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between visceral adipose index and glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 1 036 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received treatment in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. The visceral adipose index was detected using a bioresistance assay. These patients were divided into four groups using the quartile method: Visceral adipose index < 8.10 (q1 group, n = 246), 9.60 > visceral adipose index ≥ 8.10 (q2 group, n = 64), 11.10 > visceral adipose index ≥ 9.60 (q3 group, n = 423), visceral adipose index ≥ 11.10 (q4 group, n = 233). One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences among groups. Partial correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the correlation between body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content, visceral adipose index, and urinary microalbumin and glomerular filtration rate. Results:With the increase in the visceral adipose index, the glomerular filtration rate gradually decreased. The glomerular filtration rate in the q1, q2, q3, q4 groups was (112.19 ± 31.74) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, (106.14 ± 28.26) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, (104.73 ± 23.63) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, (103.40 ± 27.51) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2, respectively. In the female group, with the increase in visceral adipose index, the glomerular filtration rate decreased gradually. After controlling for age, sex, diabetes, and hypertension, the visceral adipose index was significantly correlated with the glomerular filtration rate ( r = -0.10, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that visceral adipose index and waist-to-height ratio were closely related to glomerular filtration rate ( F = 6.00, P < 0.001). Conclusion:With the increase of visceral adipose index, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content, and urinary microalbumin increased gradually. When the visceral adipose index is greater than 9.60, the glomerular filtration rate is significantly decreased. Therefore, it is suggested to adopt various methods to evaluate obesity in clinical work, and visceral fat index should be paid more attention, especially when the visceral fat index is greater than 9.60.

Abnormal chromosome karyotype characteristics of common external genital malformations in male children / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of abnormal chromosome karyotype of common external genital malformations in male children.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 2 408 children was made in outpatient or inpatient from January 2012 to December 2017. The mean age was (38±7) months. There were 1115 cases of hypospadias, 189 cases of cryptorchidism, 304 cases of micropenis, 681 cases of concealed penis and 119 cases of disorders of sex development. All children were tested for chromosome 550 band in peripheral blood, and the results of chromosome karyotype were analyzed.Results:A total of 131 cases of abnormal chromosome karyotypes were detected, with a detection rate of 5.4%, including 46 cases of chromosome number abnormalities, 85 cases of structural abnormalities, 64 cases of sex chromosome abnormalities and 67 cases of autosomal abnormalities. The karyotype of chromosome was 46, XY, inv (9) (p12q13) in 28 cases accounting for 21.4%. It was followed by 47, XXY, with 16 cases, accounting for 12.2%. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in children with disorders of sex development was 12.6%(15 cases), hypospadias was 5.5%(61 cases), cryptorchidism was 5.3%(10 cases), micropenis was 4.9%(15 cases), and concealed penis was 4.4%(30 cases).Conclusions:Chromosomal abnormalities are not uncommon in male children with external genital malformations. Chromosome structural abnormalities are more common than quantitative abnormalities, and sex chromosome abnormalities account for a comparable proportion to autosomal abnormalities.

Cross lagged analysis of adolescent social adaptability, physical exercise and mental health / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationships among social adaptation, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents, so as to provide theoretical basis for social adaptation and mental health improvement.@*Methods@#Longitudinal follow up survey data were collected from 1 163 adolescents in Jinan City, Shandong Province in September 2021 (T1), January 2022 (T2), and June 2022 (T3) by cluster random sampling method. The relationship between social adaptability, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents was analyzed through cross lagged analysis.@*Results@#There were significant sex differences in physical exercise and mental health among adolescents on T1, T2, and T3 ( Z =-3.83, -3.43, -4.59; -12.45, -8.93, -8.72, P <0.01), with male students had more physical exercise [35(28,42),36(33,42),38(35,43)] and better mental health [12(12,17),17(17,21),14(14,26)] levels than female students [33(27,40),35(31,40),36(33,41); 9(9,12),12(12,23),12(12,23)]. No similar sex difference in social adaptability (T1, T2, T3) [male: 22 (14, 24), 22 (14, 24), 22 (16, 24); female: 21 (11, 23), 20 (14, 24), 22 (17, 24)] ( Z =-0.79, -1.19, -1.34, P >0.05). Temporal and synchronous correlations were found in social adaptability, physical exercise and mental health ( r =0.18-0.67，0.12-0.68, P <0.01). Teenager physical exercise and mental health could predict social adaptability across time ( β T1-T2 =0.25,0.13; β T2-T3 =0.25,0.06, P <0.05), with a mediating effect on the impact path of physical exercise on social adaptability in psychological health ( β =0.14, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a causal relationship between physical exercise, mental health, and social adaptability among adolescents. Encouraging adolescents to actively participate in physical exercise and promoting mental health can effectively enhance their social adaptability.

Alterations in dendritic length and branch and K / 解剖学报

Objective To study the morphology of olfactory bulb(OB) neurons and the change of related proteins, and explore the causes of olfactory dysfuction in Alzheimer' s disease(AD). Methods Golgi-Cox staining technique was used to evaluate the morphological changes of neurons in the OB and anterior piriform cortex (aPC) of APP/PS1 AD model mice. The morphology of neurons was determined by Sholl analysis. Western blotting was used to evaluate the levels of protein expression. Results The results of Golgi-Cox showed that the dendrite length and branch number reduced significantly in the OB neurons of 3-5-month-old APP/PS1 mice, an age that the mice did not show the pathological characteristics and cognitive impairment of AD. Western blotting analysis showed that levels of potassium chloride cotransporter 2(KCC2), a potassium chloride transporter crucial for neuronal morphology and synaptic function, decreased significantly in the OB of 3-5-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion Abnormal neuronal morphology and KCC2 signal might be the basis of early olfactory dysfunction in AD. Thus, maintaining normal KCC2 signal may be one of the keys to intervene the olfactory abnormalities in the early stage of AD.

MiR⁃31 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Pulpitis and periapical inflammation are two common diseases in stomatology today. Existing treatment options primarily include root canal therapy and pulp revascularization, which can effectively control inflammation and preserve the affected tooth while also causing permanent deactivation of the pulp tissue, structural failure, and secondary infection. In recent years, research on dental pulp regeneration has progressively entered the public consciousness because of tissue engineering technology that combines stem cells and biomaterials. Due to their multi⁃differentiation and high proliferation, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from permanent or deciduous teeth have emerged as a significant stem cell source for dentin or pulp tissue regeneration. However, the number and survival time of live cells in the dam⁃ aged area are impacted, which significantly limits the efficacy of stem cells since they are unable to efficiently be recruited to the injured area. The ability of DPSCs to migrate and multiply must therefore be enhanced. This study sought to determine if miR⁃31 (miR⁃31) may significantly enhance the proliferative and migratory capacities of DPSCs. The tissue block enzyme digestion method was used to successfully separate and culture DPSCs from dental pulp tissues, and the miR⁃31 levels in dental pulp tissues and DPSCs from normal and inflammatory teeth were compared. The results of real⁃time fluorescence quanti⁃ tative PCR (RT⁃qPCR) revealed that the expression level of miR⁃31 in dental pulp tissues and DPSCs from inflammatory teeth was significantly lower when compared to the control group (P<0. 05). Interfer⁃ ence and over⁃expression of miR⁃31 expressions in DPSCs were specifically divided into three groups: the NC group, the miR⁃31 agomir (over⁃expressed) group and the miR⁃31 antagomir (inhibitor) group. RTq⁃PCR results showed that the transfection was successful (P<0. 001). The results of CCK⁃8, wound⁃ healing, and Transwell migration experiments showed that overexpression of miR⁃31 successfully improved the proliferation and migration abilities of DPSCs compared with the control group (P<0. 05). Further⁃ more, Western blotting analysis revealed that miR⁃31 overexpression increased the expression of important migratory proteins, including CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and matrix metalloproteinase2 (MMP2), as well as key proliferation proteins Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (P< 0. 05). This study demonstrates that miR⁃31 can effectively boost the proliferation and migratory ability of DPSCs, providing strong theoretical support for the increased use of DPSCs in regenerative medicine.

Changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan City during 2019 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan during 2019 to 2022, so as to provide reference for primary and secondary school students physical health promotion.@*Methods@#From 2019 to 2022，16 496 primary and junior middle school students will be selected from Jinan by cluster random sampling method, the comprehensive scores of physical health for each year were calculated according to the National Student Physical Health Standards (revised in 2014), and changes in physical health were analyzed using t-tests, univariate analysis, analysis of covariance and χ 2 tests.@*Results@#The students physical health scores ranged from high to low in 2022（80.78±12.63），2021（79.12±12.72），2019 （75.17±2.03）and 2020（73.82±12.63）. During 2019 to 2022, the overall physical health score of female students were higher than that of male students ( F=105.39, 288.29, 197.90, 159.36, P <0.01). The differences in the comprehensive physical and health scores of male and female students in different grades from 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant ( F=34.22, 34.96, 20.33, 45.08 , 13.56, 18.29, 24.86, 30.01, P <0.01). The individual indicators showed varying degrees of decline in 2020. Except for body mass index (BMI), the fluctuations in lung s capacity, run 50 meters, sit forward, standing long jump, 1 minute sit-ups, pull-up, endurance running, 1 minute skipping rope during 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant (primary school: F =127.58, 44.80, 223.64, 76.66, 10.69, 296.79, secondary school: F =189.31, 52.10, 63.12, 61.49, 7.34, 8.10, 50.94 , P <0.01). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2022 were 30.09 %, 31.45%, 30.14 %, and 30.60%, respectively ( χ 2=2.26, P >0.05). From 2019 to 2022, the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school boys were 34.56 %, 34.66%, 32.14%, 33.73%, 37.41%, 43.53%, 41.36 %, 39.16%, respectively, and the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school girls were 24.66%, 24.39%, 24.61%, 24.65%, 23.82%, 28.74%, 26.99 %, 27.95%, respectively, none of which were statistically significant ( χ 2=2.93, 4.29 , 0.04, 3.12, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#During 2019 to 2022, there are no significant changes in physical health indicators among primary and secondary school students in Jinan, and the overall level of physical health recovered rapidly after a slight decline due to the COVID-19 epidemic.

Advances in the treatment of Meige's syndrome with blepharospasm / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Meige's syndrome is a segmental craniocervical dystonia extrapyramidal disorder, which belongs to a type of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). The cause is unknown and is commonly seen in middle-aged and elder women, and is often associated with depression, trauma, drugs, surgery and other risk factors. Blepharospasm is the earliest and most common clinical symptom of Meige's syndrome, although there is a possibility of spontaneous remission, the risk of blindness still exists. Clinically, treatment is often delayed and the prognosis is influenced due to insufficient understanding of Meige's syndrome. As the incidence of Meige syndrome increases, particularly blepharospasm in ophthalmology, a comprehensive understanding of Meige's syndrome is needed to improve the ability of ophthalmologists to treat the condition and to guide the appropriate use of clinical medication. In this paper, we review advances in the treatment of Meige's syndrome with blepharospasm and summarize the pros and cons of pharmacotherapy, surgery and traditional Chinese medicine, with a view to improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease by ophthalmologists.

Effects of polysorbates on stability of monoclonal antibody drugs / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the effects of various polysorbates(PS)on the stability of different types of monoclonal antibody(mAb)drugs.Methods Three types of monoclonal antibodies mAbA(IgG1 proantibody drug),mAbB(IgG1 mAb)and mAbC(IgG1 mAb with Fc N297A mutation)were used as model proteins,and different kinds or contents of PS were added into the mAb formulations respectively to investigate the influencing factors.The effects of PS on the stability of mAb drugs were evaluated comprehensively by detecting the changes of quality attributes,such as protein aggregates and insoluble particles.Results PS20 and PS80 showed no significant difference in inhibiting the formation of aggregates and charge variants in the three mAbs(P>0.05),while the addition of PS80 in mAbB and PS20 in mAbC significantly inhibited the increase of insoluble particles respectively(P<0.05);The content of PS20 showed a significant effect on the detection indexes of charge variants and insoluble particles in mAbC(P<0.05).Conclusion Different types of mAbs have different sensitivities to various kinds and contents of PS.Therefore,when designing the formulation of mAbs,it is necessary to select appropriate kinds and contents of PS to further improve the stability of mAb drugs.