ABSTRACT
When used appropriately, calcium channel blockers are safe and efficacious. When overdose, however, these agents have the potential for serious morbidity which can lead to profound bradycardia and hypotension. The initial management of a calcium channel blocker overdose is supportive care, including stabilization and decontamination, followed by pharmacotherapy, including calcium agents, glucagon, insulin, catecholamines, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (amrinone and milirone). Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and even cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by conventional therapy have been used for patients with hypotension and bradycardia. We report a case of successful treatment with an IABP followed by pharmacotherapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bradycardia , Calcium Channel Blockers , Calcium Channels , Calcium , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Catecholamines , Decontamination , Drug Therapy , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Glucagon , Hypotension , Insulin , Phosphodiesterase InhibitorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Wound model is important for the development of dressing materials used in dermatologic practice. Most of the wound healing models are not standardized, individualized ones for each special situation. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study is to establish a standardized wound model for evaluating the efficiency of wound healing of dressing material and the effect of epidermal growth factor(EGF) on artificially induced wounds. METHODS: Using ultrapulse CO2 laser and rats, we calibrates the most effective level of energy, frequency, and pulse duration for a wound model of upper dermis. Then, we evaluated the effect of various dressing materials such as vaseline gauze, collagen sponge, collagen sponge containing EGF and hydrogel on wound healing. RESULTS: We obtained relatively even and uniformed wound models of upper dermal level with the setting of ultrapulse CO2 laser; continuous mode, 800watt, frequency of 100Hz, and pulse duration of 0.3ms. Wounds applied with collagen sponge containing EGF showed relatively accelerated wound healing, but wounds with hydrogel or collagen sponge only showed delayed healing of wounds CONCLUSION: Ultrapulse CO2 laser could make a wound model of uniform depth level and could be used as a tool for making standardized wound models.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bandages , Collagen , Dermis , Epidermal Growth Factor , Hydrogels , Lasers, Gas , Petrolatum , Porifera , Wound Healing , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of alendronate for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis this study was taken. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial examined the effects of oral alendronate and HRT(conjugated estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate), in combination and seperately, on BMD, biochemical markers of bone turnover in 79 women with low bone mass. Treatment included alendronate(10mg daily) plus HRT(group I, n=38), or HRT(group II, n=41) for 6 months. Bone density measurements were performed at months 0 and 6 at the lumbar spine. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were also measured every three months. RESULTS: Serum Osteocalcin decreased by 19.2% in group I and by 10.0% in group II at 3 months(p<0.05), and by 30.9% in group I and by 19.8% in group II at 6 months(p<0.05). Urinary deoxypyridinoline showed decrease of 19.75%(I) vs. 10.4%(II) at 3 months, 30.1%(I) vs. 20.7%(II) at 6 months, the difference was significant. Percent change of BMD measurements from baseline at 6 months in group I was 6.2% and in group II 0.6% on the lumbar spine(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment with alendronate is useful to postmenopausal women with osteoporosis by decreasing bone turnover markers, and by increasing the BMD.