Histological changes and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the canine mandibular condyle after distraction osteogenesis

Bone Mineral Density and Related Factors of Postmenopausal Women / 한국역학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis and to identify the related factors of bone mineral density (BMD) in rural postmenopausal women. METHODS: Three hundred ninety postmenopausal women in a rural area were examined in 1999 Their BMDs of the lumbar spine (L1-L3) were measured by a quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) and their height and weight were measured. A questionnaires interviewing method was used to collect risk factor data. PESULTS: The prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women of 40-69 years old was 89.2% by reference value of UCSF(University of California, Sanfrancisco), however, changed to 63.1% by that of Korean. From simple analyses, age(p<0.01), duration after menopause (p<0.01), menstrual regularity(p<0.05), delivery frequencies (p<0.01), breast feeding years (p<0.01), alcohol intake(p<0.01), and smoking(p<0.05) were significant risk factors relating to BMD. In multiple linear regression analysis, duration after menopause(p<0.01), menstrual regularity(p<0.05), and breast feeding years (p<0.05) proved to be significant risk factors. However dietary factors and life style were not significantly associated with BMD. CONCLUSIONS: The significant risk factors of postmenopausal women in a rural area relating to BMD were duration after menopause, menstrual regularity, and breast feeding duration.

The Risk Factors for the Development of Hypertension in a Rural Area - An 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to identify the risk factors related to the development of hypertension in a rural area. METHOD: Total of 3,573 subjects in Chung-Song County were interviewed and examined in 1996. The study cohort comprised 2,580 hypertension-free subjects aged above 20. One-year follow up was completed for 1,781 subjects(69.0%) in 1997. General characteristics(age, gender, education level, economic status, marital status), the family history of hypertension, diet, alcohol, smoking, coffee, stress, past history of oral contraceptive and menopausal status in female, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, baseline blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol were considered as risk factors. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis using logistic regression model indicated that age(RR=1.50, 95% CI; 1.15-1.96), the family history of hypertension(RR=2.11, 95% CI; 1.04-4.26), waist-hip ratio(WHR) (RR=2.09, 95% CI; 1.15-3.79), and baseline systolic blood pressure(130-139/ yes/no-->no) (RR=3.32, 95% CI; 1.01-10.87), baseline systolic blood pressure(120-129/<120mmHg: RR=2.00, 95% CI; 1.02-3.90)(130-139/<120mmHg: RR=2.64, 95% CI; 1.34-5.20) and baseline diastolic blood pressure(85-89/<80mmHg)(RR=4.09, 95% CI; 1.86-8.96) were identified as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age and high normal blood pressure were significant risk factors for the development of hypertension above the borderline level. In addition, the family history of hypertension and WHR in men, and the change of menopausal status in women might be significant risk factors in Korea.

Therapeutic Compliance and Its Related Factors of Patients with Hypertension in Rural Area / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic compliance and its related factors in the rural hypertensives. METHOD: A questionnaire survey and blood pressure measurement were performed to 3,876 residents of a rural area, and 660 hypertensives were selected as subjects of study. The study employed a hypothetical model which was composed of constructs from the health belief model and KAP model. The analysis techniques employed included contingency table analysis and structural equation modeling. RESULT: The proportion of those who were compliant to the treatment of hypertension was 44.2% of subjects. As the result of structural equation modeling, when patients had more favorable attitude toward treatment, higher perceived benefit, or lower perceived barriers to treatment, the therapeutic compliance was significantly higher(T>2.0). When patients had more knowledge about hypertension, or higher perceived severity of hypertension, the attitude toward the treatment of hypertension was more favorable significantly(T>2.0). And when patients had the support for treatment from family or neighbor, the attitude toward treatment was more favorable(T>2.0). When patients had experience of health education, they had more knowledge, higher perceived susceptibility of complication, perceived severity for hypertension, and perceived benefit of treatment, compare to patients without health education(T>2.0). CONCLUSION: In consideration of above findings, in order to improve the therapeutic compliance in the rural hypertensives, it would be necessary to change attitude, perception, knowledge about hypertension and its treatment, by various methods such as effective health education and programs for maintaining the supportive environment for hypertension treatment.

Structural Relationships among Health Concern, Health Practice and Health Status of the Disabled / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the relationships among Health concern, health practice and health status of the disabled. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 1,662 disabled persons in Taegu city from April to July, 1997. RESULTS: Health concern had a significant and positive relationship with health practice(p2.0). Educational level and type of disability had significant direct effects on health practice(T>2.0). And Economic status, medical security type and job status had significant direct effects on health status(T>2.0). In women, economic status and educational level had significant direct effects on Health concern(T>2.0). However there was no variable which had a significant direct effect on health practice. Job status had a significant direct effect on health status(T>2.0). In men and women, health practice was significantly increased with increasing Health concern and the more health practice, the higher health status(T>2.0). CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that the institutional approach which improve the economic status of the disabled with understanding their behavior and attitude should be established to increase health status, in addition, the health policy for encouraging the disabled, such as health education, consulting and health promotion program, should be done.

Factors Related to the Intention of Participation in a Worksite Smoking Cessation Program / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate factors related to the intention of participation in a worksite smoking cessation program. METHODS: To explain the health behavior of participating intention in a worksite smoking cessation program, the health belief model(HBM) was used as study model, and 144 self-administered questionnaires were completed by electronic company workers. Variables of the health belief model were composed of perceived susceptibility to smokinginduced disease, perceived severity of smoking-induced disease, economical gain as perceived benefit of smoking cessation, and nicotine dependency as perceived barrier of smoking cessation. Variables of sociodemographics, smoking status, knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking, and cues to smoking cessation were used as modifying factors. RESULTS: Perceived severity(POR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.03-3.83), perceived benefit(POR=2.11, 95%CI: 1.07-4.17), and perceived barrier(POR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.11-0.76) were significant variables to the intention of participation in a worksite smoking cessation program in the logistic regression analysis. The perceived severity was significantly affected by knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking(POR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.23-3.84). The perceived barrier was significantly affected by education level(POR=3.66, 95%CI: 1.17-11.44), age to first cigarette (POR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.10-0.98), pack-years(POR=5.47, 95%CI: 2.37-12.61). To the perceived benefit, the model was not fitted. CONCLUSIONS: Our results found that counterplans improving the knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking, preventing early smoking, and decreasing smoking amount should be considered for an effective smoking ban policy.

Quality of Life(QOL), Life Satisfaction, and Its Determinents of the Physically Disabled in Taegu City / 예방의학회지

In order to investigate the factors influencing QOL and life satisfaction of the physically disabled, the author interviewed, by using structuralized questionnaire, 440 individuals among the physically disabled who were participated in Health Examination from April to July, 1997. The questionnaire consisted of the general characteristics(sex, age, marital status, family number, etc), the Reintegration to Normal Living Index(RNLI) to assess QOL, and the single item of five-likert scale to evaluate life satisfaction. The means of RNLI were 16.2+/-4.8 in total score, 12.2+/-3.4 in daily functioning and 4.0+/-2.1 in perception of self. The respondents were less reintegrated toward social activities and relationships than impairments or disabilities. While the satisfied group was 47.3%, the dissatisfied group was 52.7%. As the results of multiple regression and logistic regression analysis, the significant predictors of QOL were age, education, job, grade of disability and subjective health status. The life satisfaction were related to economic status, job and subjective health status. To improve QOL and life satisfaction of the physically disabled, it is important that we improve their basic socioeconomic status by getting a job through rehabilitation education and induce them to have positive self-assessment by extending the opportunity of social participation.

Determinanats of Health Care Utilization of the Physically Disabled / 예방의학회지

To investigate determinants of health care utilization of the physically, disabled over 20 years old in age living in Taegu city, a self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for 337 disabled persons with chronic illness from April to July, 1997. Health care utilization rate was 81.9%(69.l% for hospital or clinic and 12.8% for pharmacy). Marital status, job, health concern, and response to illness showed statistically, significant relationship with health care utilization(p<0.05). By, path analysis, job, economic status, medical security type and response to illness had a significant direct effect on health care utilization(p<0.05), however, health concern and regular source of care had an indirect effect. The reasons of no health utilization were due to economic problem(31.l%), no symptom(18.0%), inconvenience to seek care or no accompanying persons to be helped(14.8%), unseriousness of the severity of the illness(14.8%), too busy to be treated or no free time(8.2%), hopeless prognosis to be treated(6.6%) in order. In conclusion, it is recommended that the program for expanding medicaid, improving socioeconomic status by getting a job and health education to increase the health Concern toward physically disabled should be implemented to increase health care utilization rate.

GUIDED BONE REGENERATION OF CRANIAL DEFECTS USING VARIOUS MEMBRANES : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN RABBITS

Various techniques for treatment of large bone defects have been reported, instead of using autogenous bone graft. The author have applied and explored for bone repair with polyglactin 910 mesh and fresh fascia late. Full thickness 8x8mm bone defects were made on the frontoparietal bone of rabbits and group 1 defect was covered with polyglactin 910 and group 2 defects with fresh fascia late, but group 3 and 4 were not covered. However the periosteum was left on group 4 but it was not left on group 3. Samples were taken from the operation site for clinical and histological examinations on 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, repetitively. The results were as follows ; 1. On the group 1, where ployglactin 910 mesh had been placed, the defects taken in 2, 4 ,8, 12 weeks after operation disclosed osseous regeneration with newly formed bone but the thickness was much less than the original bone. 2. On the group 2, where fresh fascia rata had been placed, the defects taken in 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation disclosed same pattern of group 1. 3. On the group 3 and 4, where membrane had not been placed, the majority of the defects consisted of connective tissue and muscles. 4. On the group 1, resorption of polyglactin 910 mesh was completed after 4 weeks, but on the group 2, the fascial rata still remained intact.