ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives@#Fewer studies are available on geriatric patients’ gustatory dysfunction than on their olfactory dysfunction. Here we aimed to evaluate the relationship between subjective gustatory dysfunction and subjective or objective olfactory dysfunction according to cognitive function in geriatric patients.Subjects and Method We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent both cognitive function test and olfactory function test between August 2018 and May 2019. The correlation between subjective gustatory dysfunction and subjective olfactory dysfunction or conventional olfactory function scores was evaluated for geriatric patients with or withhout cognitive dysfunction. Participants with a threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score (<21) on the YSK olfactory function test were diagnosed with olfactory dysfunction. Subjective gustatory function and olfactory function were evaluated using the visual analog scale. The Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet and Mini-Mental State Examination were administered to all participants. Overall, 120 patients (27 male, 93 female; mean age, 73.00±7.50 years) were enrolled. @*Results@#We found that the subjective gustatory function score did not correlate with the threshold, discrimination, identification, or the summation of TDI scores of the olfactory function test but was significantly associated with the subjective olfactory function score (p<0.001). Further, there was no significant correlation between the subjective gustatory function score and cognitive function. @*Conclusion@#The subjective olfactory function score was the only factor significantly correlated with the subjective gustatory function score. Based on these results, we suggest evaluating gustatory function in geriatric patients with olfactory dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Foreign bodies pose a diagnostic challenge to clinicians, and nasal foreign bodies have the potential to lead to significant morbidity. Although foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are a commonly encountered problem in pediatric patients, a foreign body in the nasal cavity not associated with a trauma history is rare in adults. We recently experienced a 35-year-old man who presented with a foreign body in his right nasal cavity and anterior tooth pain. He was not sure what the material was, and we were not able to confirm the material type preoperatively. However, we found that a very large and thick material was impacted and totally obstructed the right anterior nasal cavity. We surgically removed it as a bone block and confirmed postoperatively that the material was glass. This case provided several lessons, and we would like to share our experience.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the safe distance from anterior clinoid process (ACP) when the frontotemporal approach (FTA) was used for clipping of anterior communicating artery aneurysms (Acom ANs) and eventually to confirm whether the interhemispheric approach (IHA) was more effective in a certain Acom ANs. We defined the high positioned (HP) Acom AN as more than 18mm and the usual positioned (UP) Acom AN as less than 18 mm above the ACP on the lateral view of the conventional carotid artery angiogram. METHODS: Two hundred thirty four cases of Acom ANs were treated surgically either FTA or IHA by the same operator during last 14 years. The UP Acom ANs were 187 cases and the HP Acom ANs were 47 cases. We analysed the postoperative status of not only clinical conditions but also radiological findings in all cases retrospectively. RESULTS: FTA or IHA was chosen in 187 (182/5) cases of UP Acom ANs. But FTA or IHA was performed in 47 (21/26) cases of HP Acom ANs. The prognosis was better in UP Acom ANs than HP Acom ANs when FTA was chosen. But if the AN located more than 18 mm above the ACP, so called the HP Acom AN, IHA was made better prognosis than FTA. CONCLUSION: The safe distance from ACP to AN neck was lower than 18mm when FTA was chosen for the Acom ANs. IHA showed better results in the cases of AN neck higher than 18 mm from the ACP, ANs associated with a significant hematoma at the frontal lobe, moyamoya like diseases on the middle cerebral artery territory, another ANs at the distal anterior cerebral artery or aneurysmal projection of superoposterior type.