Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on compound 48/80-induced pruritus in mice / 동물의과학연구지

Pruritus is one of the most important symptoms of allergic inflammatory skin disease. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to have preventive effects against allergic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not oral administration of CLA suppresses pruritus induced by compound 48/80 (composed of N-methyl-p-methoxy phenethylamine with formaldehyde) in mice, and if so, whether or not this effect is associated with serum histamine and prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels. Liquid CLA mixture (36.25% 9c-11t CLA, 36.95% 10t-12c CLA, 1.12% 9c-11c, and 1.94% t9-t11 CLA) was emulsified in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium salt and orally administered to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg once per day for 3 days. Similarly, disodium chromoglycate (DSCG), an antipruritic substance, was administered orally at the same concentrations as the negative control. Compound 48/80, a pruritus-inducing reagent, was subcutaneously injected 30 minutes after final administration of CLA. Scratching behavior of mice was counted just after compound 48/80 injection. Serum histamine and PGE2 concentrations were evaluated individually. Mice administered with CLA showed reduced frequency of scratching behavior compared to those without CLA. Antipruritic activities in CLA-treated and DSCG-treated groups were 48.5% and 26.8%, respectively. CLA and DSCG also diminished serum concentrations of histamine and PGE2 compared to compound 48/80 alone, respectively. This result suggests that dietary CLA has an antipruritic effect by down-regulating serum histamine and PGE2 levels for relief of compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior in mice, which will be useful in allergic pruritus as a preventive medicine.

Effect of Etomidate and Thiopental on Intraocular Pressure associatedwith Induction of Anesthesia and Tracheal Intubation(Facilitated with Succinylcholine) / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Good control of intraocular pressure (IOP) during induction and maintenance of anesthesia is essential for the success of intraocular surgery. Etomidate produces a significant and somewhat greater reduction in IOP than thiopental. This study was designed to compare the effects of etomidate on IOP with those of thiopental in patients receiving succinylcholine, and in whom tracheal intubation was performed. METHODS: Forty ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing elective surgery were divided into thiopental group (n = 20) or etomidate group (n = 20). Intraocular pressure was measured before induction, 1, 2, and 3 minutes after administration of an intravenous induction agent, after administration of succinylcholne, immediately after intubation and 2 minutes after intubation. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded simultaneously. RESULTS: Both agents produced significant decreases in IOP after administration. At 3 minutes after administration of an agent and after administration of succinylcholine, the IOP of the etomidate group was significantly lower than that of the thiopental group (P< 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups in IOP at other stages. CONCLUSIONS: Etomidate is not a more effective intravenous induction agent to control the increase of intraocular pressure following tracheal intubation with succinylcholine than thiopental.

Effect of Chloral Hydrate on Sedation and Arterial Oxygen Saturation in Children with Congenital Heart Disease / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: To study the effect of chloral hydrate oral premedication on sedation and arterial oxygen saturation in noncyanotic and cyanotic congenital heart disease children. METHODS: 18 noncyanotic congenital heart disease patients and 18 cyanotic congenital heart disease patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were premedicated orally with chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg. Arterial oxygen saturations were measured with pulse oximeter before and after oral premedication and sedation effects evaluated. RESULTS: In noncyanotic group oxygen saturation decreased from 98.7+/-0.95% (mean+/-?SD) before premedication to 97.8+/-1.15% after premedication with statistical significance but without meaning. 16 of the 18 patients (89%) were adequately sedated without airway obstructions. In cyanotic group oxygen saturation increased with statistical insignificance from 73.5+/-10.9% before premedication to 74.0+/-13.9% after premedication. 15 of the 18 patients(83%) were adequately sedated. Effects on oxygen saturation in cyanotic group patients were quite variable with 3 of the patients revealing more than 10% decrease in oxygen saturation. CONCLUSIONS: Chloral hydrate has a good sedative effects on congenital heart disease children but its effects on oxygen saturation were variable and close monitoring followed by oxygen administration is recommended in cyanotic heart patients.