Ductal Carcinoma Arising from Ectopic Breast Tissue Following Microcalcification Observed on Screening Mammography: A Case Report and Review of the Literature / 한국유방암학회지

Ectopic breast tissue can occur anywhere along the incompletely regressed mammary ridge. Among the various types of breast choristoma, ectopic breast tissue, which has only glandular tissue without a nipple or areola, is most commonly detected in axillary areas. However, ectopic breast cancer is often not detected until significant clinical symptoms have been revealed, or diagnosis is delayed. Furthermore, an examination of ectopic breast tissue tends to be omitted from a screening mammography. Especially, the microcalcifications of ectopic breast tissue are difficult to delineate on mammography. Herein, the authors report a case of ectopic breast carcinoma that showed clustered microcalcifications on screening mammography, and discuss the interpretation and implications of microcalcification in ectopic breast tissue.

Current State and Role of Private Breast Clinic in Korea / 한국유방암학회지

No abstract available.

Interval Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to reduce the interval of breast cancer by reviewing and analyzing its occurrence METHODS: Of the 311 breast cancer patients observed at our clinic between 1998 and 2002, the 14 that had developed breast cancer within the 24 months of their previous screening examination were the subjects of this study. RESULTS: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was found in 3 patients revealing changes of, or newly developed, microcalcification. 5 patients, believed to have benign lesion, where follow-up checking was recommended, were later found to have breast cancer. There were 3 failed cases from early diagnosis of cancer due to a dense breast. In 2 cases, the cancer was thought to have progressed due to the lack of an active recommendation for a biopsy, even after suspicious abnormal findings were observed. For all the other cases, the cancer was detected early during routine follow-ups. CONCLUSION: In case of dense breast, intense and thorough examinations including ultrasonography should be recommended because dense breast may prevent the detection of small masses. Especially, it is a fact in Korean women who carry dense breasts in many cases. Even if mass or microcalcification is thought to be benign, a biopsy should be encouraged. For a suspicious lesion, a biopsy should be recommended to a greater extent than the other follow-up measures. Routine screening examinations should be recommended once a year, but can be performed between 6 months and 2 years depending on the patients' age or degree of dense breast.

Study for Mammographic Patterns of Korean Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

BACKGROUND: In Korea, the incidence of breast cancer is relatively lower than in western country, but it is in increasing slope. However the mammographic patterns of Korean breast cancer patients are not well known. METHODS: The authors collected the clinical and radiologic data from new breast cancer patients between January 1992 and December 1997, and analysed the mammographic pattern. RESULTS: Of the 418 patients, the age-specific incidences were 153 (37.0%) for 40 to 49 years of age, 99 (23.9%) for 30 to 39 years, 81 (19.6%) for 50 to 59 years, 55 (13.3%) for 60 to 69 years, 14 (3.3%) for over 70 years, and 12 (2.9%) for 20 to 29 years. According to the TNM staging system, there were 2 (0.6%) with stage 0, 102 (24.9%) with stage I, 147 (35.9%) with stage IIA, 72 (17.6%) with stage IIB, 85 (20.8%) with stage IIIA, 1 (0.2%) with stage IV. The non-palpable lesions were 7.5% on physical examination. According to Wolfe's classification, there were 78 (19.0%) for N1, 78 (19.0%) for P1, 133 (32.4%) for P2, and 122 (29.7%) for DY pattern. On mammography, lumps were found in 312 cases (75.8%). Among mammographic lumps, 51.9% was not clearly defined margin. The mammographic calcifications were found in 48.3% of all patients. In the distribution of calcification, 20.6% was diffuse type and 79.4% was localized type. The size of calcifications was variable in 92.9% and the shape of calcifications was amorphous pattern in 85.6%. We could not suspect cancer in 14.7% of patients on mammography, and 10.1% of patients on ultrasound examination. CONCLUSION: We believe that these baseline mammographic data of Korean breast cancer patients may contribute to the accurate diagnosis of breast cancer, but more data will be needed.

Usefulness of Ultrasound Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Breast Lesions with Automated Gun / 한국유방암학회지

It is necessary to confirm disease pathologically even though there are several methods of diagnosis for breast abnormality. Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy (UGCNB) of breast lesions with automated gun is widely accepted as a simple and accurate procedure for avoiding open biopsy. From January 1996 to February 1998, 121 breast lesions of 117 women detected with mammogram, ultrasound, physical examination or any combination were selected. UGCNB was performed in all 121 cases with 7.5 MHz transducer and Manan Pro-mag 2.2 automated biopsy gun (2.2 cm excursion). After local anesthesia, 5-6 cores were obtained through 2mm skin incision site. Lesions categorized as probably benign to highly suspicious were included as indications for core biopsy. 67.5% of the 117 patients were in age thirties and forties. The results of the biopsy were benign in 65 lesions and malignant in 56. 15 patients showing benign results which were contrary to clinical findings and pathologic results, underwent open biopsy. Four patients who had previously been diagnosed as being benign, were found to be malignant (false-negative 3.3%). Primary results of four cases of false negative were intraductal papilloma, severe inflammatory change, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and insufficient sampling, respectively. In case of insufficient sampling resulted from small gauge needle (18G), correct diagnosis was possible in all lesions with large needle (14G). Also excisional biopsy was required in women having intraductal papilloma, severe inflammation and atypical ductal hyperplasia which were difficult to differenciate from malignancy. The UGCNB is excellent biopsy method for multiple breast lesions. The method has demonstrated a 96.7% sensitivity specificity 100%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.3%. We also conclude that UGCNB is proved To be an useful alternative to surgical biopsy on simpler procedure with no adverse cosmetic results.