Drug utilization study and adverse drug reactions of oral anti diabetics among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in tertiary care hospital

Background: The aim was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients and monitor adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with oral antidiabetic drugs.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out by collecting the data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting outpatient department of noncommunicable disease clinic of a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year. The data of demographic, drug utilization pattern and adverse drug reactions of patients on oral antidiabetic drugs was collected and entered in a proforma.Results: Total number of patients in this study were 39 out of which 21 (53.85%) patients were females and 18 (46.15%) patients were males. Majority of patients were in the age group 51-70 years (66.6%). Metformin was the most commonly prescribed drug 76.9% followed by Glibenclamide 17.9%. About 7.7% of patients who were taking oral antidiabetic drugs later switched over to insulin as their blood glucose levels were not controlled. Out of 18 (46.15%) patients, hypertension (38.5%) was the most common comorbid condition and a concomitant drug was prescribed was amlodipine 25.6%. Among all the adverse drug reactions observed, diarrhoea was the most common adverse drug reaction reported 76.9%.Conclusions: Metformin was the most commonly used oral antidiabetic drug. Diarrhoea was the common adverse drug reaction reported.

A rare case of gingival cyst of infant occurring in a baby age four months

Gingival cyst of infant is an odontogenic cyst. It is developmental in nature. It arises from the epithelial remnant of dental lamina called cell rests of Serres. The Gingival cyst may appear within three months of age. Clinically it appears on the maxillary and mandibular ridges, and appears creamish white in color. The cyst usually does not need treatment because it tends to undergo involution and disappears. We present a case report of a solitary gingival cyst observed in a baby age four months.

Clinical and epidemiological correlation of Leptospirosis among patients attending KMCH, Manipal.

Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the world. Infection may range from sub clinical infection to death of the patient. It may also occur endemically in tropical countries, showing seasonal incidences following heavy rainfall. As the diagnosis is difficult due to vague clinical symptoms, laboratory investigations are essential for the confirmation of the disease. This study was undertaken to correlate the clinical findings, occupation and behavioural pattern in seropositive cases of Leptospirosis. A total of 733 patients suspected of Leptospirosis were tested for specific IgM ELISA and clinical findings, occupation and behavioural pattern were noted.

An unusual post-operative wound infection with Salmonella typhi: case report.

A 25 year old male student presented with a discharging sinus and swelling over right forearm, which on culture yielded S. typhi, sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Predisposing factors were absent but there was a history of surgery for chronic osteomyelitis of right ulna and injury with cricket ball at same site. Pus obtained during surgery was sterile. Patient responded to oral Ciprofloxacin. Soft tissue infections are uncommon manifestation of salmonellosis. This case is an unusual presentation of post-operative Salmonella typhi wound infection.