ABSTRACT
Co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus with lepromatous leprosy is rare. We hereby report a case of multiple sclerosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus with lepromatous leprosy in a middle-aged female. She was clinically diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus and presented with fever, ENL and neuritis. Her MRI reports were normal but she had a positive slit-skin smear and skin biopsy as lepromatous leprosy. Proceeding with this diagnosis, she was treated with baclofen for spastic bladder, antibiotics for urinary tract infection, oral hypoglycemic agents and oral steroids with multibacillary treatment for leprosy with type 2 reactions. She responded well and currently is being followed-up.
ABSTRACT
Background: Onychomycosis; fungal infection of nails account for about half of the nail diseases. Common site of involvement is toenails. Various etiological agents including dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophytic moulds (NDM) are responsible. It is difficult to treat onychomycosis as compare to other dermatophytic infections because of the inherent slow growth of the nail. Aim: To diagnose etiological agents of onychomycosis on KOH, Calcofluor white (CFW), KOH treated Nail Clipping with Periodic Acid Schiff (KONCPA) and SDA culture. Objectives: 1) To determine the fungal etiological agents of onychomycosis. 1) To correlate clinical parameters with the mycological findings. Methods: The study was carried out in department of Microbiology, MGIMS, Sewagram, Wardha. A total of 44 cases with signs of onychomycosis were enrolled in the study which were subjected for microscopic examination by 20% KOH, CFW and KONCPA. Mycological culture was done on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (with and without antibiotics). Results: On analysis, the positivity by 20% KOH and CFW was 45.5%, 63.4% respectively while by KONCPA it was found to be 25%. In 38.6% fungal cultures revealed growth. At present, the etiological agents were dermatophytes (12.5%), especially Trichophyton rubrum, nondermatophytic isolates (75%) include Aspergillus spp., Penicillium species, Rhizopus and Candida spp. (8.3%). In our study toenails were affected in 84% and distolateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) was the commonest clinical presentation. Conclusion: Along with dermatophytes, NDM and yeasts are also important etiological agents of onychomycosis in our set up.
ABSTRACT
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that results in white plaques and epidermal atrophy. The condition has both genital and extragenital presentations. Here we describe the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented to us with white plaques over her genitals and no manifestation of extragenital disease.
ABSTRACT
Herpes zoster is a common viral opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with low CD4 count and high viral load. This is consistent with previous observations that HIV-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may not fully recover from the varicella zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. Herpes zoster is an acute posterior ganglion radiculitis and results from reactivation of the varicella zoster virus that remains quiescent in the neurons. It can occur in any age, irrespective of the immune status. Here we report the case of an elderly male who was seropositive for HIV and had an atypical presentation with disseminated and multidermatomal herpes zoster.
ABSTRACT
Xanthoma is a deposition of cholesterol in the soft tissues. It is an uncommon presentation of hypercholesterolemia and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). We are reporting a case of 60-year-old female who presented with multiple xanthomas over extensor tendons of both hands and elbows. Her investigations revealed raised triglycerides, very high plasma cholesterol, very lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Fasting and postprandial sugar levels were also increased. A work-up for cardiovascular involvement was normal and biopsy from one of the nodules showed the xanthoma cells.