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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and a leading cause of death worldwide, including in India. Breast cancer usually shows a slow development rate, and when recognized in the early stages, successful treatment results can be achieved. Breast self-examination is a screening option for young women. Objective: To assess the impact of health education on knowledge and attitude of self-breast examination among nursing students. Study Design: The present interventional study was conducted between September and October 2019. Setting: This study was done among 79 nursing students of a tertiary care hospital situated in a central district of Uttar Pradesh. Main Outcome Measures: The self-reported pre-designed and structured questionnaire was used. It included three sections Sociodemographic profile Knowledge regarding self-breast examination (SBE) 3. Attitude regarding self-breast examination (SBE). Knowledge and attitude scores were calculated and divided into the poor, average, and good categories. Results: There were 87.3% of girls had prior knowledge of the self-breast examination, while 12.7% of girls were not aware of the self-breast examination. Postintervention, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in their knowledge about self-breast examination. Conclusion: Planned teaching intervention had a significant impact on the knowledge and attitude of self-breast examination.
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Abstract: The most important aspect of Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) involves the circulation of trustworthy and accurate information in the public health interest domain. Strict stringency measures such as nationwide lockdown impacted people's mental health. Hence, this study was planned to assess the knowledge, practice, and anxiety among the Indian population about the ongoing pandemic in the initial phase. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between August 1, 2020, to October 5, 2020. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was used to determine dysfunctional anxiety. Results: Among 553 participants, 73.6% had overall good knowledge of COVID-19 with mean correct score of 6.9±1.1. Majority of participants (97%) wore mask regularly, and 93% of respondents regularly washed their hands with soap and water. Only 14 participants scored ?9 on CAS, suggesting probable cases of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the COVID19 crisis. Conclusion: The knowledge and practices of citizens in a nation reflect their preparedness and ability to deal with a pandemic of such proportion. Good knowledge translates to good practices and therefore reduces anxiety among the population. It is deemed necessary that people's knowledge and habits, including the mental impact, be accessed at periodic intervals to track their adaptation to pandemics over time
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Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities, and nations. The estimated cost is around 1–2% of a country’s Gross National Product in lower income countries. Rural India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure and reach to them in their golden period. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of injury and to assess the effectiveness of ambulance services. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study of victims of RTA cases as study subjects who were admitted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital after they are stabilized and shifted to orthopedics and surgery ward. It included comatose patients and excluding patients of the outpatient department. Results: Majority of RTA victims used government ambulance 354 (54.1%) followed by owned vehicle 214 (32.7%) and least of them used private ambulance 86 (13.2%) to reach the hospital. Only 276 (42.2%) of victims received ambulance services at the time of accident occurrence in their golden period. In our study, mechanism of injury majorly was collision type 451 (69%) followed by acceleration 110 (16.9%) and deceleration 93 (14.3%) among the road accident victims. Among various body head region was most common 254 (39%) followed by lower limb 230 (35.2%). Conclusion: The mortality among road accident cases increased with the increase in duration to reach the hospital. The system which was involved in RTA cases was majorly skeletal system followed by the central nervous system.
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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also known as chronic diseases, as they tend to be of long duration. Detection, screening, treatment and palliative care, are key components of the response to NCDs. Aim& Objective: To find out the prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases. Settings and Design: It was a community based cross sectional study in urban and rural areas of district Etawah. Methods and Material: Present study was conducted among persons aged between 25-64 years. WHO STEPS approach was used. Statistical analysis used: Qualitative data were expressed in the percentages and tested by chi square test. Results: In the study almost half of the subjects were males. Current tobacco use, alcohol use, insufficient use of fruits and vegetables and physical inactivity were found in 33.9%, 15.9%, 88.8% and 53% of the subjects respectively. Overweight, obesity, increased waist circumference, raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found in 37.1%, 16.1%, 37.7%, 14.6% and 19.3% respectively. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes and hypertension (HTN) were 3.6% and 10.2% respectively. Conclusions: There is considerable prevalence of NCDs in the district. Majority of having insufficient use of fruits and vegetables and physical inactivity. Most of them were overweight and increased waist circumference.
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Connexin43 mimetic peptide (Cx43MP) has been intensively investigated for its therapeutic effect in the management of inflammatory eye conditions, spinal cord injury, wound healing and ischemia-induced brain damage. Here, we report on a validated stability–indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)method for the quantification of Cx43MP under stress conditions.These included exposure to acid/base, light, oxidation and high temperature. In addition, the degradation kinetics of the peptide were evaluated in bovine vitreous and drug-free human plasma at 37 ℃. Detection of Cx43MP was carried out at 214 nm with a retention time of 7.5 min. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.9–250μg/mL(R2≥0.998),and the limits of detection(LOD)and quantification(LOQ) were found to be 0.90 and 2.98 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the method determined by the mean percentage recovery at 7.8, 62.5 and 250μg/mL was 96.79%, 98.25% and 99.06% with a RSD of<2.2%. Accelerated stability studies revealed that Cx43MP was more sensitive to basic conditions and completely degraded within 24 h at 37 ℃(0% recovery)and within 12 h at 80 ℃(0.34% recovery).Cx43MP was found to be more stable in bovine vitreous(t1/2slow=171.8 min)compared to human plasma(t1/2slow=39.3 min)at 37 ℃ according to the two phase degradation kinetic model. These findings are important for further pre-clinical development of Cx43MP.
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Objective: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and have a major impact on public health. Pharmacovigilance helps in early detection of ADRs and identification of risk factors. Underreporting of ADRs can be improved by imparting knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance to healthcare professionals. This study was aimed at investigating the knowledge and attitude of resident doctors about ADR reporting and suggesting possible ways of improving ADR reporting. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The respondents were resident doctors. Study instrument was a self-developed, pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire consisting of open- and close-ended items. Results: A total of 84 questionnaires were considered for analysis, giving a response rate of 93.33%. In all, 64.28% of the respondents were aware about pharmacovigilance, 52.38% were aware of ADR reporting system in India, 83.33% opined that only serious ADR with any medicine should be reported, and 35.72% believed that ADRs should be reported only for newly marketed agents. Although 67.85% of respondents observed an ADR, only 25% reported it; 44.04% were aware about the complete procedure of ADR reporting. General attitude of the respondents about ADR reporting was as follows: ADR reporting should be compulsory (15.19%), voluntary (41.66%), remunerated (3.57%), identity of prescriber should be concealed (21.42%), and identity of reporter should be concealed (29.7%). Conclusion: Increasing awareness about pharmacovigilance will be helpful in improving the status of ADR reporting. Other measures such as making ADR reporting guidelines available in the form of booklets and displaying posters can also play a useful role.