Hazard assessment of vanadium to oreochronies Niloticus Fish, [Tilipia Fish] present in the river Nile and some clinicopathological studies

The effect of dietary carbohydrates and vanadium toxicity on hematological profile, blood chemistry and hormonal level was studied in Tilapia nilotica. There is a significant decrease in hemoglobin and PCV in group 3. There is a significant increase in serum cortisol, cholesterol, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase in group 3, also there is a significant decrease in serum phosphorus, sodium and potassium in treated fish. There is a significant high level of vanadium content in kidney muscles, heart and spleen in group 3 suggesting a variety toxic effects of vanadium on Tilipia nilotica, the total viable count of bacteria identified higher in fish fed carbohydrate vandium. Predominate bacteria were identified as Aerumonas E.coli, Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas, Fluorscences and Lacto bacillus sp. It emphasizes the finding that increase in carbohydrate concentration causes harmful pathological effects which the reduces humoral immune responses and enhances dietary vanadium toxicity

Preparation and evaluation of the protective efficacyof pseudomonas aeruginosa irradiated vaccine in chickens

A total of 75 P. aeruginosa isolates were secured out of 280 samples from diseased chickens suffering from different respiratory manifestations. The isolates were characterized and serotyped. The most prevalent serotypes were O3 and O4. An inactivated bivalent P. aeruginosa vaccine was prepared from these serotypes. The inactivation was achieved through irradiation with Cobalt 60. The quality control analysis of the prepared irradiated vaccine indicated that it was safe and its use was not associated with any clinical distress. Application of ELISA for evaluation of humoral immune response developed against P. aeruginosa in the vaccinated chicken groups showed significant increase in antibody titers, which was influenced by the route of immunization. The protection rates post challenge reached 100%, 96% and 90% among the intramuscularly, subcutaneously and orally vaccinated chicken groups, respectively. Also, vaccination of egg laying hens with the prepared vaccine stimulated formation and concentration of P. aeruginosa. specific IgY in the egg yolk

Bio-Add as antisalmonella and antifungal

The minimal inhibition concentration of Bio-Add were determined for S.typhimurium and different types of fungi, it ranged from 25-1.7 micro 1 according types of strain. The minimal bactericidal concentration of S.typhimurium was 0.25 micro1. This paper also describes 3 trials which involved the treatment of the feed with Bio-Add which was effective against S.typhimurium and different fungi