[ value of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of prostate cancer]

Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death and is the most common cause of cancer in elderly men. Regarding to the low accuracy of screening methods such as prostate-specific antigen [PSA], Digital Rectal Examination [DRE] and trans rectal ultrasound [TRUS] in detection and localization of tumor, Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] and Diffusion Weighted Imaging [DWI] attracted many attentions in the past years. DWI reveals micro-molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of the spins in biologic tissues. This technique can delineate pathologic lesions with high tissue contrast against generally suppressed background signal. In this paper, the value of DWI in detection of prostate cancer is studied. In this cross-sectional study, the studied population are suspicious patients to prostate cancer based on high Prostatic Specific Antigen level or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination who refered for prostate biopsy to radiology department of Hazrat-e- Rasoul Hospital during the year 2011. The results of DWI are compared to biopsy results for all patients. Eighty five patients are selected. The DWI sensitivity in detecting of prostate cancer is 100%, specificity 97.1% and positive and negative predictive values are 89.5% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that if DWI reports the prostate cancer as negative, the result was highly reliable and if it reports as positive, although the report was not 100% reliable, but it still had high reliability, more than 90%. DWI had high accuracy in detecting prostate cancer for patients with cancer. Also the accuracy of this method for patients without prostate cancer was acceptable compared to the other common methods.

Evaluation of the growth process of infants conceived by assisted reproductive techniques at royan institute from birth to 9 months

Due to recent scientific progress in assisted reproductive techniques [ART], infertile couples can now become fertile. Thus, a number of infants in our country are the results of these costly interventions. This study has been undertaken to evaluate the physical growth process of different methods of ART infants by standard growth charts from birth until nine months of age. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 333 infants conceived through ART [intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI] and in vitro fertilization [IVF]] at Royan Institute. A sequential, non-random sampling method in a period of 22 months was used. Their growth was assessed by measuring infants' weight, height and head circumference, and physical examination. The growth patterns were calculated by recording the values in standard growth charts. The final analysis was done with SPSS version 16 and by using Chi-square test. In comparison with growth charts, the weights of one-third of the infants were less than two standard deviations [SD] at birth and one-fourth had head circumference less than three SD at birth. Low birth weight [LEW] infants were six times more than infants of normal population. From birth to six months of age, growth abnormalities were seen in a substantial number of infants. However, at nine months of age, there was no significant difference observed between infants conceived by different methods of ART [IVF and ICSI]. Multiple births are the most important confounding factor impacting the growth process of ART infants. Multiple pregnancies can lead to low birth weight, height and head circumference, and growth abnormalities up to six months of age. This abnormality improves by increasing age of the infants