Validity and Test-retest Reliability of perceived Wellness Survey among Geriatric Population: A Community-based Study from North Eastern India

Objectives: Chronic illness and functional decline threaten elderly well-being. “Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS),” which measures psychosocial, physical, and intellectual well-being, may be appropriate for assessing the wellness of the geriatric population. This work has been planned to find out the validity and test-retest reliability of a PWS as a wellness-measuring tool for community-based elderly people. Materials and methods: This observational study was undertaken in the community was undertaken to assess PWS in 60 elderly individuals (?65 years). The validity of PWS was tested using Pearson product-moment correlation test. For test-retest reliability, the internal consistency of PWS was tested by Cronbach’s alpha test. Result: Around 60 individuals ?65 years (mean 69.45 ± 4.27 years), 48 males were selected by convenient sampling. Pearson’s correlation showed psychological, emotional, and physical subscale scores had a very strong positive relationship (0.734, 0.703, and 0.722, respectively) with a composite score of PWS score. Spiritual, intellectual, and social subscales showed a strong positive relationship with the composite PWS score. Test-retest variability between observations for subscales was ?0.8, which showed good reliability, except for the physical subscale, which showed unacceptable reliability. Conclusion: Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS) is an effective, feasible, highly reliable, and valid measure as a clinical assessment tool for assessing wellness in the elderly population.

Comparison of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores to predict Mortality in Sepsis

Objectives: Sepsis-3 criteria define sepsis as ?2 points rise of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, either from zero or a known baseline. We compared the efficacies of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), SOFA, and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) scores to predict sepsis mortality.Methods: Prospective, hospital-based study was undertaken to determine the efficacies of various sepsis-scoring systems to predict mortality in sepsis. The “Sepsis-2” criteria of “severe sepsis” and “septic shock” were used as selection criteria as they correspond to “sepsis” and “septic shock” of “Sepsis-3”. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Statistics version-16. Mortality predictions were made using receiver operator characteristic curve testing. Results: We included 122 sepsis patients diagnosed by “Sepsis-2” definition; 78.68% (n = 98) of whom met “Sepsis-3” criteria for sepsis. All-cause mortality was 50%. On univariate analysis, we found age over 60 years [odds ratio (OR) = 4.244, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.309–13.764, p = 0.016], invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 7.0076, 95% CI = 3.053–16.0809, p<0.0001), and presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR = 2.757, 95% CI = 1.0091–7.535, p = 0.048) were significant predictors of mortality. The SOFA score yielded the best result with “area under the curve” (AUC) of “receiver operating characteristic” (ROC) curve of 0.868. On comparing AUCs between these scores difference between both SOFA and qSOFA was highly significant (p < 0.0001) compared to SIRS. However, such statistical difference was not found between AUCs of SOFA and qSOFA. Conclusions: Both SOFA and qSOFA are superior prognostication tools compared to SIRS to predict sepsis mortality; SOFA being better than qSOFA.