ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate and describe the sleep quality in seven subscales among the patients with mild traumatic brain injury [TBI] and compare it with normal patterns
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted within a 6-month period from February to August 2014 in Shahid Rajaei trauma center of Shiraz. Participants were selected randomly from all adult [18-60 years of age] patients admitted during the study period with impression of mild TBI [GCS of more than 13]. The patients' sleep quality and demographic characteristics were evaluated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI] and selfreport questionnaire, respectively. Results were compared with normal data, which extracted from the normative data of PSQI manual
Results: Overall we included 60 patients with mild TBI with mean age of 36.2 +/- 13.4 years. All the patients had sleep disturbance. Among them there were 46 [76.7%] men and 14 [23.3%] women. The subjective sleep quality [p=0.01], sleep latency [p=0.01], habitual sleep efficiency [p=0.01], sleep disturbance [p=0.01], use of sleep medication [p=0.01] and day time dysfunction [p=0.01] were significantly impaired in patients with mild TBI when compared to normal values. There were no difference between men and women regarding the sleep quality. The sleep duration was comparable between the subjects and the normal values
Conclusion: Patients with mild TBI have poor sleep quality which should be considered as one of the main factors in interventions after the injury and it might lead to better quality of life
ABSTRACT
Aim: To better understand the mental state of people who complete suicide in shooting ranges/galleries. Method: The public record was searched via the web using various search engines and the words “suicide shooting gallery” and “suicide shooting range”. When names of individuals appeared, they were used to further search for information about the event, paying particular attention to any evidence suggesting the presence of mental disorder. Results: Twenty-two cases were located. Nineteen (83%) were male and the average age was 36 years, with a range from 21 to 75 years. We present 6 case vignettes: in 3 there was evidence of mental disorder, while in the other 3 there was no evidence of mental disorder. Conclusion: Like the people who complete suicide in other locations, some of the people who complete suicide in shooting ranges/galleries are suffering from mental disorder, while some are not, and other triggers are present.