ABSTRACT
Basal energy expenditure (BEE) was determined in 291 pregnant women, age 20-35 years, using Benedict Roth Metabolism Apparatus. A control study was undertaken in 38 non pregnant women during both follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle respectively. The mean +/- SD of BEE were found to be 34.04 +/- 3.05, 35.85 +/- 2.60 and 39.69 +/- 2.75 Kcal/m2/hr during first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy respectively. BEE was progressively and significantly increased (P < 0.01). However, increase in BEE during first trimester of pregnancy compared to that of luteal phase of menstrual cycle was insignificant. The results indicate that Indian pregnant women should maintain energy requirements by increasing caloric intake throughout the gestation.
Subject(s)
Adult , Energy Metabolism , Female , Humans , India , Pregnancy/metabolism , Pregnancy Trimesters/metabolism , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, expiratory flow rates and V max at different lung volumes were statistically unchanged during the course of pregnancy compared to non pregnant control group. There was no restrictive or obstructive defects during the course of pregnancy despite the added mechanical load to the respiratory apparatus by the gravid uterus.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Lung Volume Measurements , Pregnancy/physiology , Reference Values , Respiration/physiology , Vital Capacity/physiologyABSTRACT
Basal oxygen consumption was measured serially in 32 women aged 17 to 28 yr, during the menstrual, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, using Benedict-Roth Metabolism Apparatus. The mean (+/- SD) total body oxygen consumption was found to be 166.54 +/- 13.904, 166.24 +/- 13.688 and 176.51 +/- 14.780 ml/min during the menstrual, follicular and luteal phases respectively. The oxygen consumption was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the luteal phase as compared to the other two phases whereas it was almost identical in the menstrual and follicular phases. The rise in oxygen consumption was found to be a post-ovulatory phenomenon possibly mediated through hormones, mainly progesterone. This rise in oxygen consumption was mainly metabolic and related to the pattern of food intake behaviour during the menstrual cycle.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Follicular Phase/physiology , Humans , Luteal Phase/physiology , Menstrual Cycle/metabolism , Oxygen Consumption , RespirationABSTRACT
About 250 to 450 ml of blood was infused within 3 to 5 minutes to study the effect of rapid intravenous infusion of blood on electrocardiogram of 21 anaesthetised dogs. In 16 dogs with initial heart rate above 136/min, i.v. infusion resulted in bradycardia, decrease in P wave amplitude, increase in R wave amplitude and increase in PR, QT and ST intervals. In 3 dogs with initial heart rates above 136/min there was no change in the heart rate, while in 2 dogs with heart rate below 136/min there was tachycardia after the infusion.