ABSTRACT
Thymomas are epithelial neoplasm of thymus and most common primary neoplasm of anterior and superior mediastinum affecting males and females equally. It occurs usually in the fifth to seventh decade. Approximately one-third of thymomas are invasive. Metastases to distant extrathoracic sites such as the liver, lung, lymph node, kidneys, ovary and brain occur infrequently. This is more common with invasive thymomas. Although brain has been shown to be a site of infrequent metastases, intraorbital metastases has not yet been reported. Here we report one such case of invasive thymoma of anterior superior mediastinum, which later metastasized to orbit as well as the brain.
Subject(s)
Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Orbital Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Orbital Neoplasms/secondary , Orbital Neoplasms/surgery , Thymoma/radiotherapy , Thymoma/secondary , Thymoma/surgery , Thymus Neoplasms/pathology , Thymus Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Thymus Neoplasms/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Intraocular metastatic tumor is the commonest intraocular malignancy in adults, with uveal tract the commonest site. In nearly 85% of cases the choroid is the afflicted site due to its vascularity. Breast and lung are the common primaries. In breast primaries, this could be the first metastatic disease. This condition should always be kept in mind in patients with visual symptoms. Fundus examination, ultrasonography and CT/MRI of the orbit help in diagnosis. Early recognition and timely treatment can save the visual function thus imparting good quality of life to the patient. External beam radiotherapy is a good local form of treatment. Hormone therapy in hormone receptor positive tumors can have additional benefits. Here we report a case of unilateral solitary choroid metastasis in a case of breast cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Choroid/pathology , Choroid Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography/methods , Uveal Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
AIMS: To find out the efficacy of epidural analgesia in providing continuous pain relief for patients undergoing brachytherapy for cervical cancer. SETTINGS: Teaching Hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 152 patients of cervical cancer received epidural analgesia during 18 to 21 hours of pelvic brachytherapy. Epidural top up was given using 60-100 microg of buprenorphine every 08-10 hrs. Additional top up or systemic analgesics were given for breakthrough pain. RESULTS: Majority of patients 119 out of 152 received epidural top up twice during their stay in the brachytherapy ward. Only 20 out of 152 needed additional analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia is safe and provides satisfactory pain relief during brachytherapy and makes patient's stay more comfortable.
Subject(s)
Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Brachytherapy , Buprenorphine/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare, highly vascular, benign, locally aggressive tumor, affecting boys of adolescent age. The aggressiveness and high vascularity makes surgery and even a biopsy difficult in majority of cases. Although surgery is the treatment of choice in early cases, considerable debate exists regarding the treatment of advanced disease with intracranial extension. Radiotherapy provides a good response and also avoids surgery-associated morbidity. We are herewith reporting a case of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma who showed complete hemostasis and improvement in vision to radiotherapy.