The Effect of Depression and Smartphone Dependency on Female College Students' Career Decision-making Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression and smartphone dependency with female college students' career decision-making self efficacy. METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 497 female college students in M City and S City. Data were collected from November 16 to December 4, 2015 using self-report questionnaires including BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), Smartphone Dependency Scale, and CDMSES-SF (Career Decision-Making Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Career decision-making self efficacy showed significant differences according to religion. Smartphone dependency was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with career decision-making self efficacy and a positive correlation with depression. Depression was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with career decision-making self efficacy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of career decision-making self efficacy were depression (7.1%), religion (1.8%), and smartphone dependency (1.3%), accounting for a total of 10.6% of the variance. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interventions to promote female college students' career decision-making self efficacy should consider their depression, religion, and smartphone dependency.

A Study on the Relationship among Family Functioning, Empathy, and Aggression by High School Students

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among family functioning, empathy and aggression by high school students. METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 467 high school students from M city. Data were collected from November 29 to December 7, 2012 and self-report questionnaires including a Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Indexes, and an Aggression Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects were 2nd graders (42.0%) and female (57.2%). 59.7% of the subjects had religion, 84.8% were living together with parents. The mean ages of their fathers and mothers were 49.90+/-0.20 and 46.85+/-0.19 respectively. Aggression was found to have a statistically negative correlation with family functioning and empathy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of aggression was empathic concern. Empathic concern, family cohesiveness, perspective taking, personal distress and gender accounted for 16.7% of the variances. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide aggressiveness reduction programs for high school students that consider their family functioning and empathy.

The Effects of an Aerobic Exercise Program on Mobility, Fall Efficacy, Balance, and Stress in the Elderly at Senior Centers

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of an aerobic exercise program on mobility, fall efficacy, balance, and stress in the elderly at senior centers. METHODS: This research was conducted as a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest control and experimental comparison study. The subjects were 41 senior residents (Exp.=18, Cont.=23) who aged above 65 at senior centers in S City. The period of time for data collection and intervention was from August 25 to December 5, 2008. RESULTS: Mobility (t=-3.10, p<.01) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group without an aerobic exercise program. However, fall efficacy (t=1.28, p=.207), balance (t=-.53, p=.602; t=.36, p=.723), stress (t=-1.32, p=.199) in the experimental group was not significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirmed that aerobic exercise programs make a contribution to improving mobility in the elderly at senior centers.

The Effects of Perceived Stress on Cognition in the Community Elderly

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perceived stress on cognition in the community elderly. METHODS: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 40 senior residents at the hall for the elderly in S City. The period of data collection was from June 19 to July 7, 2006. The tools of data collection were Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975) and Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). RESULTS: Cognition showed significant differences according to gender, education, and regular exercise. Cognition was significantly correlated to stress and age. Stress was significantly correlated to orientation, recall, and attention/calculation. In the results of stepwise multiple regression, factors affecting cognition were stress, age, and gender. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to prepare health promotion programs that can reduce stress level in the community elderly.

The Effects of a Cognitive Behavior Program on Cognition, Depression, and Activities of Daily Living in Elderly with Cognitive Impairment / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a cognitive behavior program on cognition, depression, and activities of daily living in elderly with Cognitive Impairment. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 21 subjects in the experimental group and 19 in the control group among 40 senior residents in a Hall for the elderly in the city of S. The subjects scores ranged from 15 to 23 on the MMSE-K(Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination) over age 65. The length of time for data collection and intervention was from Jun 26 to September 1, 2006. The cognitive behavior program consisted of 'Facing problem behavior', 'Searching for a coping skill', and 'Training in the coping skill'. It was applied to the experimental group twice a week, fifty minutes per session for six weeks. RESULT: Cognition(t=-4.232, p< .001) and IADL(t=-2.939, p< .01) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Depression in the experimental group was significantly less than the control group(t=3.870, p< .01). However, ADL in the experimental group was not significantly higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirmed that a cognitive behavior program contributed to improving cognition and IADL, and to reducing depression in the elderly with Cognitive Impairment.

An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Smoking Cessation Intention of Smoking Adolescents

No abstract available.

Cutoff Values of Preoperative s-CEA Levels for Predicting Survivals after Curative Resection of Colorectal Cancer

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (s-CEA) is used to detect recurrence and predict prognosis in colorectal cancer. However, the cutoff values of s-CEA for prognosis have not been determined. We therefore tried to determine the preoperative s-CEA levels predictive of survivals in colorectal cancer patients. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 989 patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer between July 1990 and December 1997, with a mean followup of 46 months (range, 3-129 months). When patients were divided into four subgroups with the cutoff values of s-CEA at 3,6, and 17 ng/mL, their 5-yr diseasefree survival rates were 85.3% (17 ng/mL) (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that factors predictive of survival included age (p=0.028), tumor stage (p<0.001), cell differentiation (p=0.016), and gross type (p=0.007), location (p=0.003) and preoperative s-CEA (p<0.001). Using the above-described cutoff levels, a significant difference in survival was observed only in patients with stage III tumors (p=0.007) when analyses were performed by stage. We can suggest the new cutoff values of s-CEA used in the present study.

Factors Affective Sexual Function after Abdominoperineal Resection for Patients with Rectal Cancer

BACKGROUND: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) combined with autonomic nerve preservation (ANP) is proven to reduce sexual dysfunction. However, Sexual dysfunction after APR combined ANP occurs as many as 59% of case. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to assess prog nostic value of various postoperative factors affective sexual function after APR combined with ANP and to suggest a clinical relevant factors for the improvement of sexual function. METHODS: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 63 patients who underwent APR during the period of Feb. 2001 and April. 2001. The tool for this study was developed by the researcher through modification of the QLQ-CR38 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, 1999). RESULTS: The severity of sexual function showed significant differences according to occupation, intervals after operation, colostomy irrigation. Intervals of longer than 18 month after operation was associated with better sexual function. In multiple regression analysis, colostomy related problems, colostomy irrigation, colostomy complications, intervals after operation, recurrence affected sexual function significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Colostomy related problems, colostomy irrigation, colostomy complications, intervals after operation and recurrence appear to be associated with sexual function after APR.

The Significance of Perioperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Measurement in Patients with Curative Colorectal Cancer

PURPOSE: Regular monitoring of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been used as a tool to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer postoperatively. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of perioperative serum CEA level in patients with curative colorectal cancer. METHODS: We analyzed the data obtained from the 420 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative resection. Preoperative serum CEA level (ng/ml) was divided into 3 groups, i.e. groups I: or=20. Each group of preoperative serum CEA level was analyzed in accordance with location, histologic differentiation, stage of tumor, recurrence and survival. Postoperative serum CEA level was analyzed in accordance with preoperative serum CEA level and recurrence. RESULTS: Preoperative serum CEA level correlated with tumor stage (P=0.009). Ninety six patients among 420 patients showed recurred and recurrences were more common in patients with high preoperative serum CEA level (P =0.002). Systemic recurrences were more common in patients with high preoperative serum CEA levels than normal levels (P=0.029). In recurrence cases, 75 patients (78.1%) had elevated serum CEA levels and 55 patients had high preoperative serum CEA levels (P=0.008). The disease free 5-year survival rate in preoperative serum CEA group I, II, and III were 91.4%, 70.5%, and 58.3% respectively (P= 0.000) CONCLUSION: Preoperative serum CEA levels seemed to be closely correlated with distant metastasis and survival. Meticulous follow-up evaluation and generous use of adjuvant therapy are recommanded in patients with high preoperative CEA level.