The Effects of IL-1beta in Cerebrospinal Fluid on Hearing in the Guinea Pigs / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) released into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during bacterial meningitis play an important role in causing inflammation and tissue damage. Bacterial meningitis is often complicated by a sensorineural hearing loss. The present study is to investigate the effect of IL-1beta injected into CSF on hearing in guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty guinea pigs (60 ears) were randomly assigned to the following three groups: 1) Control group receiving intracisternal PBS injection. 2) 10 ng group receiving intracisternal injection of 10 ng/ml of IL-1beta. 3) 100 ng group receiving intracisternal injection of 100 ng/ml of IL-1beta. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was performed before the injection, 10, and 24 hours after the injection of PBS and IL-1beta. The concentration of IL-1beta in the perilymph was measured in each group. RESULT: The ABR threshold shift at 10 and 24 hours were respectively 3.3+/-2.6 dB, 2.8+/-2.0 dB in the control group, 21.94+/-14.46 dB, 5.83+/-9.74 dB in the 10 ng group, and 21.58+/-15.99 dB, 4.74+/-9.05 dB in the 100 ng group. The ABR thresholds were significantly increased in the 10 and 100 ng groups compared to the control group at 10 hours, but they were not significantly different at 24 hours after the injection. The concentrations of IL-1beta in the perilymph at 10 hours were 2.17+/-0.6 ng/ml in the 10 ng group and 3.58+/-1.1 ng/m in the 100 ng group. Those were 0.53+/-0.1 ng/ml in the 10 ng and 0.86+/-0.2 ng/ml in the 100 ng groups at 24 hours after the injection. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that IL-1beta released into CSF during meningitis may play an important role in causing hearing loss.

The Difference between the Concentrations of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in the Cholesterol Granuloma and Granulation Tissues in Chronic Otitis Media / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Both the granulation tissue and cholesterol granuloma can erode the surrounding bone and ossicles. However, the etiology of bone resorption in the granulation tissue and cholesterol granuloma has not been evident. The aim of this study was to assay the concentrations of arachidonic acid metabolites (AAMs) in cholesterol granuloma and the mastoid granulation tissue in order to better understand the possible role of AAMs in the pathophysiology of cholesterol granuloma in comparison with the granulation tissue. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Cholesterol granuloma tissues were obtained from eight patients who had underwent tympanomastoidectomy. Granulation tissues, which served for comparison, were taken from 12 patients who had underwent tympanomastoidectomy. Tissue concentrations of prostagladin (PG)E2, 6-keto-PGF1alpha, leukotriene (LT)C4, LTD4, LTE4, 15-hydro xyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12-HETE, 5-HETE, and thromboxane (TXB)2 were calculated using high performance liquid chromatography and compared between cholesterol granuloma and granulation tissue. RESULT: The level of 12-HETE was higher in cholesterol granuloma than in the granulation tissue. Among the PGs, the tissue concentration of PGE2 was particularly high in cholesterol granuloma than in the granulation tissue. LTD4 was the only LT detectable in cholesterol granuloma. In comparison to the AAMs in cholesterol granuloma, the lipoxygenase pathway products such as 12-HETE, 15-HETE, and 5-HETE were present in lower concentrations in the granulation tissue. LT was undetectable in the granulation tissues. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that cholesterol granuloma and the granulation tissue is different not only in terms of histology, but also in terms of biochemical properties such as arachidonic acid metabolism.

Rhinoplasty Using Percutaneous Osteotomy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A precise osteotomy is a requirement for successful rhinoplasty. Osteotomy in rhinoplasty is frequently performed via intranasal route through vestibular incision or can be performed by percutaneous approach. The latter has never been reported in the domestic journal. Thus, we aimed to evaluate in this study the usefulness of rhinoplasty using percutaneous osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pateints age ranged from 19 to 38 years. Surgeries were performed on 6 cases who underwent rhinoplasty during the period of October 1999 to February 2000. Osteotomy via external approach was used with the aid of a sharp, straight 2 mm osteotome. RESULT: Irregularity, scoliosis, and broadness of nasal bony pyramid in the study subjects were successfully corrected using percutaneous osteotomy. During the procedure, hemomhage was minimal. Postoperatively, ecchymosis and edema was negligible and scarring was barely perceptible. However, one female patient who have fair complexion complained of osteotomy scar. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the percutaneous osteotomy may be used as a good alternative for the osteotomy approach but must used in judicious manner because of osteotomy scar.

The Nasal Response to Exercise in Subjects with Nasal Septal Deviation / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subjects with nasal septal deviation (NSD) are commonly confronted with mucosal hypertrophy of the concave side of nasal cavity. Previous studies have characterized response to exercise in healthy subjects and in subjects with rhinitis, but such studies are not yet done in subjects with NSD. In this research, by using acoustic rhinometry, we aimed to investigate the nasal response to exercise in subjects with nasal septal deviation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acoustic rhinometric measurements of the cross sectional areas (CSA) at 3.3, 4.0, and 6.4 cm from the nostril, and nasal volume were taken in 10 subjects with NSD. The consecutive acoustic rhinometric measurements were undertaken just before and immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 minutes after treadmill exercise. RESULTS: In nasal cavities showing compensatory hypertrophy, nasal volume and CSA at 3.3 cm and 6.4 cm from the nostril showed significant increase in immediate post- exercises and 10-minute post-exercise measurements when compared with baseline measurements. At 4.0 cm from the nostril, the increase in CSA was significant until the 20-minute post-exercise measurement in the hypertrophied side. However, in contralateral nasal cavities, exercise did not result in significant changes when compared with the base line measurement, except for the immediate post-exercise measurement at the point of 4 cm from the nostril. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the mucosal response to exercise was pronounced in concave nasal cavities in subjects with NSD. By contrast, in the convex nasal cavities, the mucosal response was very weak in terms of nasal patency.

Properties of SOAEs and Their Correlation with TEOAEs in Neonates / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) have been used as a screening test for early detection of hearing loss in newborns and infants, because most of the normal hearing show TEOAEs. But the lack of understanding about the properties of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) has limited their usefulness on the clinical basis. This study was designed with the purpose to find out the properties of SOAEs and their correlation with TEOAEs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TEOAE and SOAE tests were performed in 95 neonates (190 ears, male:female=47:48) of well baby clinic in DKUH. RESULTS: 1) The prevalence of SOAEs were 86.8% (165/190 ears):87.2% (82/94 ears) in male and 86.5% (83/96 ears) in female, 91% (86/95 ears) in the right ears and 83% (75/95 ears) in the left ears. 2) The number of peaks in SOAEs was 4.14+/-1.92 overally, 4.38+/-2.01 in right ears, 3.87+/-1.79 in left ears, and 4.34+/-1.95 in males and 3.94+/-1.88 in females. There was a significant difference between the right and the left ears. 3) The level of SOAEs was -18.4 to 22.6 dB SPL. The highest amplitude of SOAEs in each subject was 3.69+/-8.87 dB SPL. 4) The SOAE frequency was mainly between 1000 Hz and 4000 Hz, and most frequently between 3000 Hz and 4000 Hz. The mean frequency of the highest amplitude of SOAE was 2907+/-1092 Hz. 5) The highest amplitude of SOAE was correlated with the overall response amplitude of TEOAE (r=0.619, p<0.01), but not the number of peaks (r=0.086, p=0.272). CONCLUSION: Neonates have robust SOAEs, which correlated with their TEOAEs.