ABSTRACT
Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine disorders in pregnant woman after diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy is a stress test of maternal thyroid function. Several changes are observed in maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and failure to adapt to these physiological changes results in thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism occurs in 10% of all pregnancies. Hypothyroidism has adverse effects on mother and fetus like anemia, pre eclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and mental retardation of neonate. Decreased availability of thyroid hormones also impair neurological and intellectual development of the fetus. The relevance of this study is to document the association of hypothyroidism and its adverse effects on mother and fetus. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out during the period January 2020 to December 2020 (12 months) at Government General Hospital (GGH), Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Subjects of this study were 170 antenatal women in third trimester with singleton pregnancy admitted in the obstetric ward, and informed consent was obtained. Women were chosen irrespective of age, parity, residence and socioeconomic status. Women with multiple pregnancy, a known case of thyroid disorder, or any pre-existing medical disorder were excluded. Routine hematological parameters and estimation of T3, T4 and TSH was conducted. Results: In this study out of 170 cases, anemia was seen in-15.29%, pre eclampsia in-11.77%, GDM in-4.11%, Oligohydramnios with IUGR in-5.88%, preterm labor in-3.53%, LSCS in-35.29% and IUFD in-0.59% of case and low birth weight (8.24%), Hyperbilirubinemia (3.53%) and NICU admissions (11.76%). Conclusion: This Study concluded that hypothyroidism in pregnancy leads to preeclampsia, preterm labour, increases caesarean delivery, low birth weight and hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Henceeffective treatment of hypothyroidism ensures safe pregnancy with minimal maternal and foetal complications.
ABSTRACT
The most common form of inflammatory arthritis is gout and is typically characterized by hyperuricemia and monosodium urate crystal deposition predominantly in the joints and the urinary tract. High plasma uric acid (UA) is a precipitating factor for gout, renal calculi, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The main causes for higher plasma UA are higher synthesis, lower excretion or both. The triglycerides synthesis in the liver is associated with the de novo synthesis of purine, increasing uric acid production. The role played by diet on hyperuricemia has not yet been fully understood, but high intake of alcohol mainly beer and fructose-rich industrialized food seem to influence uric acid production. In developed countries, over the past two decades, the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia has increased, and research has become progressively more actively carried out in those areas. Although >600 related clinical studies have been published to date regarding gout and hyperuricemia, the quality of care for gout and hyperuricemia remains suboptimal. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for many diseases that has been poorly researched, in and around Pondicherry in both rural and urban population and its prevalence is largely unknown.METHODSThis is a cross sectional survey involving 100 subjects. 0.5 mL of random blood sample was collected, and serum uric acid was determined by auto analyser method.RESULTSThe uric acid level in rural population area was higher by 9 % when compared to urban population. The mean serum uric acid was higher in rural population. (9.32±1.073).CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hyperuricemia is high in rural area in this study. There is a need for more research considering implications. Long term follow-up is needed. Proper control of uric acid to less than 6 mg % is the main aim to prevent comorbidities. Patient education is very important.
ABSTRACT
Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an economically important disease affecting rice production. Eight Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were isolated from rhizosphere of rice seedlings collected from Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. These strains were characterized with PCR based RAPD technique and tested for their in-vitro antagonistic activity against R. solani. Crude metabolites from one particular isolate of P. fluorescens (P. f 003) were extracted with organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and petroleum ether and these were tested against R. solani. Commonly used fungicides in rice sheath blight disease management such as hexaconazole, carbendazim, copper oxy chloride and mancozeb at 150 ppm were screened against mycelial growth of R. solani using poisoned food technique. All the strains tested were exhibited antagonistic activity against R. solani. One isolate, P.f 003 gave 78% inhibition compared to control. All the fungicides and crude extracts of P.f.003 inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani. Highest inhibition was recorded with hexaconazole and ethyl acetate crude metabolite extract. The results offer a scope for integrating P. fluorescens with chemical fungicides for control of sheath blight of rice.