ABSTRACT
Background: Premenstrual syndrome is a multifactorial psychoneurendocrine disorder. Etiology of PMS is still not demarcated & research continues in this area. Role of corelates age, parity, marital, educational & occupational status of PMS is being explored in various regions. Objective: To study sociodemographic correlates of psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in woman of reproductive age group. Material and Methods: Prospective observational study was carried on 247 females in the reproductive age group. The participants were given the list of 18 preliminary symptoms and asked to encircle the symptoms they suffer during later part of the menstrual cycle in any of the last 3 cycles. In participants reporting ≥3 symptoms, the psychological symptoms were analysed and their association was observed with various sociodemographic parameters (age, location- rural/urban, marital status, parity, education, occupation). Results: 155(62.57%) reported 3 or more symptoms during later part of the menstrual cycle in the last 3 cycles. 149(96.1%) females reported at least one psychological symptom. These women showed following demographic correlates. 74.5% of females belonged to 18-26 years age group. 75.8% were unmarried. 81% had no child. 87.2% were from urban area. 71.1% were senior secondary. 96% females had mental work occupation. Conclusion: On retrospective screening there was 62.57% prevalence but on prospective follow up with PMTS & daily diary prevalence was found to be only 4.05%. Most common psychological symptom reported was irritability & there was significant association of irritability with educational status, type of work & parity. Mood swings were significantly more in females doing mental work.
ABSTRACT
Importance of normal microbial flora in human bodies to maintain optimal health cannot be under estimated. Probiotics or live microorganisms confer health benefit in various diseases. Thus potential of probiotics to maintain health and prevent many disorders without significant adverse effects has opened new options for treating various diseases.
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating disease that has significant impact on quality of life. Biological and non biological DMARDs improved the outcome in RA patients. New agents are still required in inadequate responders or intolerant patients. FDA has recently approved a new drug Sarilumab, a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of moderate to severe form of RA which acts by binding to Interleukin receptor 6 and interrupts the resultant cytokine-mediated inflammatory signaling.
ABSTRACT
Parkinson’s disease is often associated with hallucinations and psychosis. Till now typical and atypical antipsychotics (Clozapine & Quetiapine) are being used to manage these symptoms. Recently US FDA has approved a new drug Pimavanserin for the treatment of hallucination and delusion associated with parkinson’s disease psychosis in a dose of 34 mg.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a major health issue in India & is probably one of the most preventable disease. Studies have quoted serum uric acid (SUA) & killip class as bad prognostic indicator in patients of myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: This study aims to find the role of SUA & killip classification as prognostic marker in patients of MI. Material & methods: Fifty patients of acute MI fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were compared with 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. A detailed history and physical examination with special reference to Killip class was carried out. Patients were followed up till hospital stay & then in OPD. SUA was measured on day 0, 3, 7 and also on day 30 of MI. SUA levels & Killip class was compared with coefficient of correlation. Results: There was a statistically significant higher level of SUA in patients of acute MI on day of admission as compared to controls (p < 0.05). At the time of admission, patients in killip class III & IV had higher SUA levels than those in class I & II. Four patients who died during follow up were in class IV. SUA levels are positively correlated to killip class i.e higher the SUA levels higher is Killip class. Conclusion: Higher SUA & higher killip class can be considered as indicator of bad prognosis in patients of MI.
ABSTRACT
Background: Terminalia arjuna is being used in various cardiovascular diseases as cardiotonic, diuretic & in hypercholesterolemia. Studies conflict each other for its mechanism of action. This study aims to investigate effect of 90% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna on in vitro isolated rabbit’s heart & to find its probable mechanism of action. Objective: To study the preliminary pharmacological effects of 90% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna in-vitro on isolated heart, coronary blood flow, and to study its probable mechanism of action. Material & Methods: Effect of Terminalia arjuna was observed on heart rate, coronary blood flow, amplitude on in vitro isolated perfused rabbit’s heart mounted on langendorff apparatus & further cholinergic & adrenergic blockers were used to study the mechanism of action. Six experiments were conducted for each parameter & data was analysed using Student’s t test. Results: Terminalia arjuna causes mean percentage decrease of 7.26%, 9.31% & 20.51% in heart rate, decrease of 10.34%, 16.64%, 20.51% in coronary blood flow & decrease of 15.11%, 12.61%, 11.65% in amplitude at 25μg, 50μg & 100μg doses respectively. The decrease in heart rate, coronary blood flow & amplitude persists even after cholinergic & adrenergic blockers suggesting that cholinergic & adrenergic receptors are not involved in mechanism of Terminalia arjuna. Conclusion: Terminalia arjuna cardiodepressant effect does not involve cholinergic & adrenergic receptors.
ABSTRACT
Premenstrual syndrome is a psychoneuroendocrine disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a large number of symptom constellations with various characteristic pattern of appearance & disappearance. The Luteal phase symptom pattern of sufficient severity is the mainstay for diagnosing this condition & needs to be confirmed by prospective charting. Variety of tools with different rating scales & criteria are available for this purpose. The article reviews these tools & criteria to reach a consensus statement for diagnosis of Premenstrual syndrome.