Assessing the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in infertile male patients in Tabriz, northwest Iran

Background: staphylococcus aureus is an infrequent, but one of the most successful bacteria that associated with infertility and are able to spermatozoa immobilization and agglutination

Objective: the aim of present study was to determine the frequency of S. aureus in semen obtained from infertile male patients in northwest Iran

Materials and Methods: seminal fluids of 100 infertile men were evaluated. Standard semen examination was done according to World Health Organization guidelines. After isolation and identification of S. aureus isolates according to reference methods, determination of susceptibility against important antibiotics and polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify mecA and tst genes

Results: data obtained from the present study shows that 16% of infertile male patients were colonized by S. aureus. Ten [62.5%] of the individuals had abnormal seminal fluid sperm motility and morphology and three [18.8%] of them had an abnormal seminal fluid density, whereas after washing with albumin-saline declined to 5 [31.3%], 4 [25%] and 1 [6.3%], respectively. The antibiogram results showed that, except penicillin, other antibiotics have high activity on isolates. Regarding polymerase chain reaction results, mecA sequences were detected in 3 [18.7%] strains, whilst the tst gene encoding TSST-1 was not detected in any of clinical strains

Conclusion: it would appear that the S. aureus may be an additional negative factor worsening sperm quality and affecting male fertility. Therefore, it demands that all the patients attending in infertility treatment facilities be investigated thoroughly

frequency of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from endocervix of infertile women in Northwest Iran

Background: Infertility is one of the major social issues. Due to the asymptomatic cervical infection associated with Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus], the majority of patients remain undiagnosed. The present study intended to assess the frequency of S. aureus isolated from infertile women's endocervix in northwest Iran

Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross sectional study, specimens were randomly collected during vagina examination using a sterile speculum and swabbing. After performance of antibiotic susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction [PCR] was used to identify methicillin-resistance S. aureus [MRSA] and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 [TSST-1]

Results: About 26 [26%] and 9 [9%] women's urogenital tracts were colonized by S. aureus and Candida spp., respectively, of which three [11.5%] patients were infected with fungi and S. aureus, simultaneously. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed high activity of vancomycin and co-trimoxazole on isolates. Regarding PCR results, mecA sequences were detected in 7 [26.9%] strains, whilst the tst gene encoding TSST-1 was not detected in any of clinical strains

Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus was very high in infertile women. Therefore, it demands all patients undergoing infertility treatment to be investigated thoroughly for this type of infection

Genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn ward of sina hospital in Tabriz

Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the important nosocomial Gram-negative bacilli which are resistant to most of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. This opportunistic bacterium is capable of causing life threatening infections in patients, especially in those with immunodeficiency such as those in ICUs and burn wards. This study was conducted to detect antibiotic susceptibility and also molecular typing of P. aeruginosa isolates from burn infections by using RAPD [Random amplified polymorphic DNA]

Materials and Methods: Totally 124 P. aeruginosa isolates collected from bum patients consisting of burn infection discharge and blood specimens by application of conventional microscopic, culture and biochemical identification tests. The collected isolates were studied for their antibiotic susceptibility patterns using routine antibiotics ceftazidim [30 microg], aztreonam [30 microg], carbenicillin [100 microg], polymixin B [300 u], colistin [100 microg], gentamicin [10 microg] and ciprofloxacin [5 microg] by disc agar diffusion method and detection of genotypes by two short primers namely 272[5-AGCGGCCAA-3] and 208[5-ACGGCCGACG3] according to RAPD-PCRmethod

Results: Results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed high resistance to aztreonam [70.1%], ceftazidime [66.1%], colistin [61.2%] and gentamicin [47.5%] but less resistance to ciprofloxacin[18.5%] and polymixin B[13.7%]. Based on antibiotic susceptibility 41 patterns were detected. RAPD-PCR created 32 genotypic profiles with base pair length ranging from 250 to 10000. Each genotype showed between 1 and 8 different weight DNA bands. Genotype 3 was the most prevalent, identified in 42 isolates [33.8%] and accommodated isolates with similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns, while in other genotypes no similar susceptibility patterns were encountered

Conclusion: Our P. aeniginosa isolates collected from burn infections were most resistant to aztreonam [70.1%], but least resistant to polymixin B [13.7%]. The test isolates showed 41 antibiotic susceptibility patterns and 32 RAPD genotypes. Genotype 3 was the most prevalent and accommodated isolates with similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns, but in other genotypes, isolates with similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns was not detected. Some isolates with similar antibiotic patterns underline possibility of their transfer among burn patients and suggest need for restricted conditions and microbiplogic surveillance in the bum wards

[Cassette chromosome mec typing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from Sina and Imam Reza Hospitals of Tabriz]

Backgrounds and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of nosocomial infections leading to high mortality. Since these strains have become prevalent in the world, it is necessary to identify and type them

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to study a total of 1475 specimens collected from patients of Imam Reza and Sina hospitals of Tabriz in 2012-2013. Using phenotypic tests such as Gram stain, catalase, coagulase, DNase and mannitol fermentation 169 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and by utilizing methicillin-resistance test 100 MRSA isolates were identified. SCCmec typing was performed by multiplex PCR method and the results were analyzed using chi-square tests using SPSS-18 software

Results: Disc agar diffusion test using cefoxitin disc [30 microg] showed methicillin resistance in 59% of our isolates. mecA and femB genes were identified in all of the MRSA isolates using PCR method. Frequency of SCCmec types and sub-types were as follow: SCCmecIII [77%], SCCmecI [5%], SCCmecIVa [1%], SCCmecIVc [1%], mixed isolates SCCmecIVc-III [1%] and Non typeable isolates [15%]. Non typeable isolates recovered in two groups [10% without any band and 5% of multi-bands III-I]. In this study, 82% of isolates were HA-MRSA, 3% were CA-MRSA and 15% were Non-typeable

Conclusion: In our S. aureus isolates, the prevalence of methicillin resistance was 59%. The most frequent SCCmec type was SCCmecIII [77%]. Our results demonstrated the spread of HA-MRSA isolates in the community and propagating CA-MRSA isolates in the studied hospitals