ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the role of Nrf2/HO-1 in renal histopathological ailments time-dependently in asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA) rat model. Methods Eighty-eight Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into five groups of eight rats each. Asphyxial CA was induced in all the experimental rats except for the sham group. The rats were sacrificed at 6 hours, 12 hours, one day and two days post-CA. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Crtn) and malondialdehyde from the renal tissues were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were done to evaluate the renal histopathological changes in the renal cortex. Furthermore, Nrf2/HO-1 immunohistochemistry (ihc) and western blot analysis were performed after CA. Results The survival rate of rats decreased in a time-dependent manner: 66.6% at 6 hours, 50% at 12 hours, 38.1% in one day, and 25.8% in two days. BUN and serum Crtn markedly increased in CA-operated groups. Histopathological ailments of the renal cortical tissues increased significantly from 6 hours until two days post-CA. Furthermore, Nrf2/HO-1 expression level significantly increased at 6 hours, 12 hours, and one day. Conclusions The survival rate decreased time-dependently, and Nrf/HO-1 expression increased from 6 hours with the peak times at 12 hours, and one day post-CA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acute Kidney Injury , Heart Arrest , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) , KidneyABSTRACT
Biological assays including; phytotoxicity, brine shrimp lethality, antileishmanial and insecticidal activities were carried out on crude methanolic extracts of stems and leaves of R. nervosus and their fraction namely; n-Hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc, and MeOH fractions. The highest significant phytotoxicty activity showed by chloroform, n-hexane fractions and crude extract of leaves, the growth regulation were [95%, 90% and 90%] respectively against Lemna minor, while ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fractions of stems displayed significant phytotoxicty [100% and 90%] respectively against Lemna minor at high dose [1000 micro g/ml]. The results obtained from cytotoxicity assays revealed that none of the fractions are cytotoxic. The chloroform fraction of stems was showed good antileishmanial activity against L. major with LC50+/-S.D: 70.3+/-1.2 at micro g/ml. The crude methanolic extracts of leaves, chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited low mortality against tested insect Rhyzopertha dominica while, the rest of extracts were found almost inactive against insects species
ABSTRACT
Frozen shoulder although considered self remitting disease causes significant level of pain and stiffness. This study was planned to determine the immediate outcome of manipulation under anaesthesia [MUA] in patients with adhesive capsulitis in terms of gain of range of movement [ROM] and pain relief. Diagnosed cases of adhesive capsulitis [30 in number], who had symptoms of pain and stiffness lasting more than 2 months eventually underwent MUA. They were interviewed immediately before and after MUA to check the difference in pain intensity and ROM. All the subjects had significant improvement [p < 0.001] in range of motion in flexion followed by abduction and medial rotation. Least improvement [mean 2.06 / n=30] was observed in range of movement in external rotation. Significant decrease [p < 0.001] in pain intensity from mean intensity of 3.66 to 2.1 was seen. Hence, MUA is treatment indicated for those who are not responding to conservative methods of treatments.
Subject(s)
Humans , Musculoskeletal Manipulations , Anesthesia , Treatment Outcome , Range of Motion, Articular , Physical Therapy ModalitiesABSTRACT
Leg length discrepancy [LLD] has been deemed one of the causative factors for back, sacroiliac conditions and hip pathologies in patients. Increased LLD can exacerbate musculoskeletal impairments in patients that would require the clinician to reflect on the appropriate treatment strategies. The objective of the study was to measure the reliability of "Tape Measure Method" in Leg length discrepancy. This is a hospital based study. The procedures for obtaining leg length measures in the study were similar to those described by Magee DJ [Orthopedic physical assessment. 5thed].The primary investigator briefly reviewed the procedures for measuring the leg length with the subjects. Only the subject's right side was measured for the study. The subject's weight and height were measured using a standard scale and recorded. The first rater palpated the prominent aspect of the ASIS. The rater then guided the string to the prominent aspect of the MM. The rater repeated this procedure three times for each subject. After the first rater obtained three strings that correspond to the leg length, the second rater repeated the three measurements using the same procedure. After all cuts of strings were obtained each rater measured the lengths of his three strings with a standard tape measure and was recorded on a separate data sheet. Each rater was blinded to the other measures. Means and standard deviation for each subject's age, height, weight and BMI were measured. Mean standard deviation and 95% Confidence interval [95% CI] for leg length measurements for both raters are provided in Table 2. According to the results derived from data there were no significant differences in leg length measures between Rater 1 and Rater 2 [t-value = - 0.000; df = 58; p-value = .9981]. The ICC [3, 3] for Rater 1 was .999, [95% CI = .998 to .999]. This value indicates almost perfect agreement between the measures for Rater 1. The ICC [3, 3] for Rater 2 was .979 [95% CI = .962 to .990]. These findings are indicative of almost perfect agreement between the measures. The ICC [2, 2] between Rater 1 and Rater 2 was .987 [95% CI = .972 to .994]. A Bland-Altman plot identifies any bias between the two raters. The bias line is almost on zero, indicating no bias between the two raters. It can be concluded that any observed bias was not clinically important. Conclusions and Discussion: It was concluded measuring leg length using the tape measure was simple and highly reliable. There were several limitations that may have influence overall results of the study
Subject(s)
Humans , Dimensional Measurement AccuracyABSTRACT
To compare impact of ibuprofen and acetaminophen premedication on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in irreversible pulpitis. Randomized controlled trial. Operative Department, AFID Rawalpindi from 18 September 2007 to 17 September 2008. Three hundred and sixty patients with irreversible pulpitis were divided into two groups. At base line patients pain was recorded. Ibuprofen was given to patients in group A and acetaminophen to group B patients. Patients were given drugs in tablet form. After 30 minutes cold test with ethyl chloride was done and patient pain was recorded on visual analogue scale. Inferior alveolar nerve block was administered. Forty five minutes from base line cold test was performed and pain was recorded. Access to the endodontic cavity with round bur in high speed handpiece was made and patient response was noted. Inferior alveolar nerve block was successful if patient had no pain to cold test at 45 minutes and on access to cavity preparation. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 12. There was no statistically significant difference between ibuprofen and acetaminophen on success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block in patient with irreversible pulpitis. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen premedication has similar efficacy on success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
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The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Gluma Desensitizer[TM] and Duraphat[TM] in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity in non-carious cervical lesions by a randomized control trial. 196 patients having hypersensitive non-carious cervical lesions were divided into two groups. Gluma Desensitizer[TM] was applied to patients in Group A and Duraphat[TM] to patients ingroup B. Patient's pain response to compressed air was recorded on the visual analogue scale at baseline, 5 minutes, 7 days and 30 days after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 12. Comparison of sensitivity between the two treatment groups on application of compressed air showed a statistically significant difference. The results of this study showed that Gluma Desensitizer[TM] showed better results in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity than Duraphat[TM] in non-carious cervical lesions