ABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare the choroidal thickness [CT] of subjects with Retinitis Pigmentosa [RP] with age-matched healthy subjects and to correlate the visual acuity with retinal parameters including central macular thickness [CMT], inner segment/outer segment junction [IS/OS junction] integrity, external limiting membrane [ELM] integrity and choroidal thickness in subjects with RP
Methods: Eighty-eight eyes [69 patients] with typical RP and 188 eyes of 104 healthy subjects were enrolled between September 2012 and January 2013. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular examination including choroidal imaging using enhanced depth imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Outcome measures were CT difference between RP and age-matched healthy subjects; and correlation of various factors such CMT, IS/OS junction integrity, ELM integrity, and CT with visual acuity
Results: Among RP subjects, mean age was 31.39 +/- 13.4 years with a mean BCVA of 0.99 +/- 0.94 logMAR. Mean spherical equivalent was -0.6 +/- 1.6D. Mean CMT was 148.48 +/- 119 micro m. Mean subfoveal CT was 296.9 +/- 72 micro m. Mean IS/OS and ELM integrity was 42.2 +/- 46.6% and 43.75 +/- 45.7%, respectively. The mean age was 40.0 +/- 13.5 years with a mean spherical equivalent of 0.18 +/- 0.6D for the normal age-matched healthy group. Mean subfoveal CT was 283.1 +/- 47.8 micro m. CT at various locations in patients of various ages in the RP group did not show any statistical significant difference [P = >>0.05] in comparison with age-matched healthy subjects. On multivariate regression, ELM percentage integrity had the strongest association with best corrected visual acuity, followed by IS/OS junction percentage integrity. Subfoveal choroidal thickness had very weak correlation with visual acuity as well other retinal parameters. There was a significant difference in the outer retinal structure integrity [p = 0.002] and CMT [p = 0.02] between the eyes with good [>/=20/200] and poor vision [<20/200], but not in subfoveal choroidal thickness [p = 0.3]
Conclusions: Our study results did not show any significant difference in choroidal thickness between subjects with RP and agematched healthy subjects. Choroidal thickness correlated better with the age but not with the vision or outer retinal structures in eyes with RP. Outer retinal structure integrity and CMT had a better correlation with visual acuity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Choroid , Retina , Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment , Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment , Macula Lutea , Visual Acuity , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
To establish normative data of extraocular muscle [EOM] dimensions, both vertically and horizontally, using a reproducible echographic method in various age groups. Two hundred eyes of 100 healthy subjects [50 males and rest females] were included in this prospective observational study. All subjects were divided into 5 groups with an interval of 10 years from 10 to 60 years. Each group contained 10 male and 10 female healthy subjects. A single operator took measurements at 4 mm distance from the globe plane after drawing a perpendicular line on the globe to the muscle belly. The average age of subjects was 37.28 +/- 17.14 years. Intraobserver reproducibility was very high [intersession concordance correlation co-efficient = 0.995]. Mean horizontal and vertical diameters of recti were 3.0775 and 8.26 mm, respectively. Mean muscle thickness of superior rectus/levator palpebral superioris [IPS] muscle complex and IPS was 4.56 and 1.45mm, respectively. Extraocular muscle diameter increases up to the middle age, then it starts decreasing. There was no statistically significant correlation between diameter of each EOM, both eye and gender [p >/= 0.05]. There was a non-significant change in extra-ocular muscle thickness with age. The study provides normative data for extraocular muscle thickness in both genders of various age groups in Indian population. Muscle dimensions do not change significantly with age, between the eyes and gender
ABSTRACT
Optical coherence tomography [OCT] is now an integral part of management for numerous retinal diseases for diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up. OCT interpretation must involve the understanding of the associated artifacts. These artifacts can mislead physicians to wrong diagnosis or inappropriate management. This review article discusses the various types of artifacts in OCT scans obtained from various devices in various retinal diseases. This article would help to improve the understanding about the various artifacts and their clinical importance
ABSTRACT
Being the most vascular tissue of the eye, importance of the choroid has been very well established in various retinal and chorio-retinal diseases. Understanding of the choroidal structures has improved significantly since the evolution of enhanced depth imaging. Quantitative assessment of choroidal measurements has been found to be reproducible using different devices. This review article describes factors affecting choroidal thickness and choroidal changes in several diseases and reports its clinical importance. Evaluation of choroid would provide insight into the pathogenesis, treatment planning and follow up in chorioretinal diseases
ABSTRACT
The laser photocoagulation is now treatment of choice for various retinovascular disorders. Conventional slit-lamp based laser delivery systems have many limitations including, questionable accuracy, need of contact lens with local anesthesia, and inadvertent damage to fovea. Navigated laser system, a fundus camera based laser delivery system with computer based laser planning and laser treatment without contact lens achieves improved patient compliance, improved accuracy, and treatment ease for the physician, efficient panretinal photocoagulation pattern laser, excellent documentation, and advanced laser training. This article compares navigated laser systems with available conventional and PASCAL laser systems based on the literature and personal experience of the authors