Methods of Isolation and Characterization of Stem Cells from Different Regions of Oral Cavity Using Markers: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disorder of the periodontium caused by the destruction of periodontal tissues namely the PDL, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva. Once these tissues are lost, the foremost goal of periodontal therapy is to regenerate the diseased tissues if possible to their original form, architecture, and function. Various regenerative procedures were employed and still a gap was found in achieving the goal. As stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate to produce specialized cells, there could be a possibility of using them for regenerative therapy. Recently, dental tissues such as the PDL, the dental pulp and the tooth follicle have been recognized as readily available sources of adult stem cells. AIM: The aim was to identify the various sources and methodologies in isolation of stem cells from human oral cavity and its differentiation into various lineages using markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The electronic databases PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCIENCE DIRECT, COCHRANE LIBRARY along with a complimentary manual search of all periodontics journal till the year 2016. Thirteen articles were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria. Isolation of stem cells from oral cavity through various methods has been evaluated and similarly characterization to different lineages were tabulated as variables of interest. They included human in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. RESULTS: The results showed that PDLSC's and pulpal stem cells are the most common source from where stem cells were isolated. Each source has used different methodology in isolating the stem cells and it was found that STRO-1 was the commonly used marker in all the studies mentioned. CONCLUSIONS: The studies showed that there is no standard protocol existed in isolating the stem cells from different sources of oral cavity. Moreover, there was no standard marker or methodology used in characterization.

Aesthetic Papillary Reconstruction – A Case Report of a New Technique Using Connective Tissue Graft.

Lost interdental papilla- commonly known as ‘black triangles’ are of great concern from the aesthetic as well as phonetics point of view when occurs in the anterior maxillary region. This causes an enormous effect on the self esteem of a person. The correction of lost interdental papillae is however one of the most challenging periodontal plastic surgical procedures as the interdental papilla is an end organ and does not have a blood supply of its own. Various techniques have been proposed with varied success rate for its management. We elicit a case report of papillary reconstruction in this article using connective tissue graft by undermining the gingiva-papillary unit to preserve the papillary blood supply.

Analysis of the association between interleukin-1beta (+3954) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis in a sample of the south Indian population.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the association between IL-1B (+3954) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis in a sample of the south Indian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study employed a cross-sectional design involving individuals from the state of Tamil Nadu in the southern part of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genomic DNA was obtained from the white blood cells of 30 patients with chronic periodontitis (18 males and 12 females) and 31 healthy controls (20 males and 11 females). The age of the subjects ranged from 30 to 55 years old and all were non smokers. DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers flanking the locus +3954 of IL-1beta gene and analyzed by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A Chi-square test was used to determine the genotype distribution between the groups and the relative risk was estimated with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The chronic periodontitis group displayed a higher percentage of T allele, even though it was not statistically significant. The relative risk analysis between genotypes showed that the risk was higher for the CT genotype compared with the CC genotype and the risk was significant. In conclusion, our data suggested that there was no significant association between IL-1beta (+3954) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis in the south Indian population.