ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to estimate Korean collegians' knowledge of energy content in the standard portion size of foods frequently consumed in Korea and to investigate the differences in knowledge between gender groups. A total of 600 collegians participated in this study. Participants' knowledge was assessed based on their estimation on the energy content of 30 selected food items with their actual-size photo images. Standard portion size of food was based on 2010 Korean Dietary Reference Intakes, and the percentage of participants who accurately estimated (that is, within 20% of the true value) the energy content of the standard portion size was calculated for each food item. The food for which the most participants provided the accurate estimation was ramyun (instant noodles) (67.7%), followed by cooked rice (57.8%). The proportion of students who overestimated the energy content was highest for vegetables (68.8%) and beverages (68.1%). The proportion of students who underestimated the energy content was highest for grains and starches (42.0%) and fruits (37.1%). Female students were more likely to check energy content of foods that they consumed than male students. From these results, it was concluded that the knowledge on food energy content was poor among collegians, with some gender difference. Therefore, in the future, nutrition education programs should give greater attention to improving knowledge on calorie content and to helping them apply this knowledge in order to develop effective dietary plans.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Beverages , Edible Grain , Education , Fruit , Korea , Portion Size , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Starch , VegetablesABSTRACT
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a relatively new surgical procedure, enjoying ever-increasing popularity and presenting new anesthetic challenges. Anesthetic problems are mostly due to physiologic changes associated with systemic absorption of the intra-peritoneally insufflated carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas, end-tidal CO2 and peak inspiratory pressure changes in 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, before CO2 insufflation (control value), 15 minute after CO2 insufflation, after gall bladder delivery out, 15 minute after CO2 excretion. After CO2 insufflation, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased sigmficantly in comparison to control values (P-value<0.01). Also, in arterial gas analysis, arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was increased and pH was decreased significantly but arterial blood oxygen tension (PaCO2) was not changed significantly. After CO2 excretion, systolic and diastolic pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased in comparison to control values (P<0.01) and pH was decreased significantly. But peak inspiratory pressure and PaCO2 were not statistically significant. In conclusion, minute ventilation should be corrected during general anesthesia for laparoscopy with CO2 insufflation according to continuous monitoring of end-tidal CO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension.
Subject(s)
Humans , Absorption , Anesthesia, General , Arterial Pressure , Blood Pressure , Carbon Dioxide , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Heart Rate , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Insufflation , Laparoscopy , Oxygen , Pulmonary Gas Exchange , Urinary Bladder , Ventilation , Vital SignsABSTRACT
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a relatively new surgical procedure, enjoying ever-increasing popularity and presenting new anesthetic challenges. Anesthetic problems are mostly due to physiologic changes associated with systemic absorption of the intra-peritoneally insufflated carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas, end-tidal CO2 and peak inspiratory pressure changes in 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, before CO2 insufflation (control value), 15 minute after CO2 insufflation, after gall bladder delivery out, 15 minute after CO2 excretion. After CO2 insufflation, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased sigmficantly in comparison to control values (P-value<0.01). Also, in arterial gas analysis, arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was increased and pH was decreased significantly but arterial blood oxygen tension (PaCO2) was not changed significantly. After CO2 excretion, systolic and diastolic pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased in comparison to control values (P<0.01) and pH was decreased significantly. But peak inspiratory pressure and PaCO2 were not statistically significant. In conclusion, minute ventilation should be corrected during general anesthesia for laparoscopy with CO2 insufflation according to continuous monitoring of end-tidal CO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension.