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Background: Unmet need for family planning refers to the percentage of fecund women of reproductive age either married or in union, women who either wish to postpone the next birth (spacers) or who wish to stop child bearing (limiters) but are not using a contraceptive method. This clearly indicates a gap between a woman’s reproductive intention and current contraceptive behaviour. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of unmet need for family planning, to assess the association between socio-demographic characteristics and unmet need of family planning, to identify the reasons for unmet need.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2018 in Ankuli (UHTC). A total of 188 ever married women in the reproductive age group were selected by simple random sampling.Results: Out of 188 women, 41 (21.8%) had no need for contraception and needs for family planning of 78 (41.5%) women had been met. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 36.7% consists of 24 (12.8%) spacing need and 45 (23.9%) limiting need. It was found that age, education of women, age at marriage, number of living children, contraceptive knowledge and inter-spousal communication were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. The most common reason for not using any contraceptive method was fear of side effects (40.6%).Conclusions: The unmet need for family planning was high and in order to reduce the gap, the program should address the above reasons.
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Background: Globally, 36.7 million people were living with HIV. The prevalence in India is estimated to be 0.26% and it is in the range of 0.21-0.25% in Odisha. The objectives were to assess the perception on HIV and the preventive practices among the health personnel in a tertiary level health facility of South Odisha.Methods: This study was hospital based cross-sectional study. Place of study was OPDs, indoor wards, emergency Department of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, India. Study period was from December 2017 to February 2018. Study participants were all the health care workers present during the visit were interviewed using semi structured questionnaire. Sample size were 174 health personnel. Those who didn’t give consent for the study were excluded from the study. Statistical tests used were percentage and proportion. Statistical software used-SPSS 16 version.Results: Out of 174 respondents 67.8% were doctors, 14.9% staff nurses and 17.3% other professionals. Among safety measures, gloves, mask, apron and cap were used by 69%, 11.5%, 13.8% and 5.7% respectively. The patient’s HIV status was enquired by 78.9% male health personnel during treatment. 90% female health personnel had come across HIV positive patients during treatment procedure. The knowledge about basic PEP regimen was present in 54.4% male and 80% female health personnel.Conclusions: The study participants were not aware about all the mode of transmission. There is gap in knowledge and practices of safety gears. Perceptions and practice of doctors were no way better than other health personnel. Knowledge and practice of safety gear should be enforced by the hospital authority to keep its work force safe and healthy.
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Background: Tuberculosis is continued to be a major killer of mankind. Childhood tuberculosis contributes to high mortality due to diagnostic difficulty. Different social factors are responsible for its causation. The objective of the study was to assess the socio clinical factors prevalent among paediatric TB cases admitted to MKCG Medical College.Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out in the indoor paediatric ward of MKCG medical college. Duration of the study was from August 2016 to July 2017. Study participants were all admitted paediatric cases of age group less than 14 years. Data collected through scientifically designed pretested questionnaires.Results: Total 103 patients were admitted during study period of whom, 54% were male. Their median age was 8 years. They were mostly Hindu by religion (98%) and from lower socioeconomic classes (77%). Majority (60%) were from nuclear family (59%) and families of BPL card holder. Most of their parents had low educational status. Physical overcrowding, inadequate ventilation in the house and smoking were main epidemiological factors observed.Conclusions: It was concluded from the above study group, socioeconomic and environmental risk factors were widely prevalent among them. So, control of these factors are the priority issues to be addressed and improvement of these conditions are recommended for effectiveness of the curative measures.
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Background: Overweight and obesity are the precursor of most of the non communicable diseases. Body mass index is an important indicator to measure obesity. Though medicos have the requisite knowledge on the morbidities associated with overweight and obesity, they are not in an advantageous position as compared with the common man due their life style.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 372 undergraduate students attending the classes at Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical college, Berhampur, Odisha. BMI of the students was measured, and socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors were assessed during the study with the help of a semi structured, pretested questionnaire.Results: Out of 372 students, 67.7% were males. Mean BMI of the students was 23.68 ranging from 14.96 to 43.70. The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 4.8% and 24.2% respectively. Overweight and obesity were significantly (p<0.05) associated with age, family history of obesity, place of residence, frequent fast food consumption. However other variables like use of electronic gadgets and vehicles, place of food consumption didn’t show any significant association.Conclusions: Medical students being the future physicians, greater emphasis should be laid among them in terms of prevention of obesity and overweight and on reinforcing all preventive measures like physical activities, correct diet, and maintenance of correct BMI. This will in the long run help in enhancement of control of many non-communicable diseases which are associated with overweight and obesity.
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Background: Neonatal seizures are common manifestations of neurologic dysfunction in newborns. The incidence of' seizures in neonatal period is higher than any other period of life. It is one of the common causes of admission to special newborn care unit. Therefore, it has been decided to assess the epidemiological profile of neonatal seizure.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January2017 to June 2018, in the SNCU of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur. A total of 300 neonates admitted to SNCU with clinically apparent seizure were the study population and convenient sampling method was used for selecting them. The approval was taken from IEC MKCG Medical College to carry out the study. The data was collected by using a pretested proforma from parents and hospital records. Verbal informed consent was taken from parents. The data so collected was analysed in the department of Pediatrics.Results: Out of the total 300 babies, 66% were males, 61.34% were early neonates,77% babies were of primi' mothers,76% of babies were outborn . 62.12% of babies were born by vaginal route. HIE was most common (88%) cause of seizure. Out of the all seizure types, subtle seizure was most common (87.67%), followed by clonic seizure (35.67%). Various maternal risk factors were present in 81.81 % of cases. Most common risk factor was anemia (50.57%).18.93% of cases were born with' history of obstructed labor/prolonged labor. Overall mortality was 8%.Conclusions: Neonatal seizures are important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Prevention of HIE and maternal risk factors along with early use of an effective drug with minimum side effects are the ways to overcome this problem.
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Background: Ocular morbidities in children can have a serious impact on development, education and quality of life in children hence require prompt attention. This study was conducted with an objective to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity in children less than 15 years of age presenting in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2016 to January 2017 among 282 children. Data was collected by using a semi structured questionnaire after taking informed consent and analyzed.Results: Majority were in the age group of 10-14 years (55.3%). The common presenting symptoms were blurred vision (29.1%) and headache (7.8%). The common ocular morbidities reported were refractive error (34%), ocular infection (13.5%), ocular trauma (9.9%), allergic conjunctivitis (9.2%). Refractive error was more prevalent in children of aged 11-14 years and ocular trauma in 5-9 years compared to children of the other age group.Conclusions: Majority of ocular morbidities are preventable and treatable. So early attention through eye screening and intervention programme at the community level is recommended.
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Introduction: WHO defines adolescence as the period of life between 10-19 years. It is a period of rapid physical and biological changes, which may lead to confusion, tension, frustration, and feeling of insecurity.Adolescence is a prime time for health promotion and to encourage them to establish healthy patterns of behavior that will influence their development and health in later years. Adolescents are at high risk for nutritional morbidity. It is seen that adolescent groups have negative attitude towards balanced diet and it was found that they were not aware of nutritional requirement, personal hygiene, menstrual hygiene, etc. Feeling this need a planned teaching programme (PTP) was conducted on reproductive health education to enable an adolescent girl to develop skill, competencies and ability to deal with varied aspects of adolescence and to attain a safe motherhood in future. Objective: To assess the impact of planned teaching programme on family life education. Methodology: The study sample consisted of 144 adolescent girls of a high school in Ankuli, Berhampur. A structured questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Data was collected before and after planned teaching programme and it was analyzed using percentage and Wilcoxan paired sign rank test. Result: It was found that there was gain in knowledge in various aspects after conduction of PTP. Regarding nutrition the average score increased from 39.24% to 88.85% (before and after PTP respectively). Regarding knowledge of high risk behavior the score increased from 19.44 % to 82.87%. The knowledge on Anatomy and physiology of reproduction, AIDS and STD,reproductive health and personal hygiene etc also improved significantly after PTP. Conclusion: Imparting PTP on reproductive health among adolescent girls is quite effective if done in a well organized and scientific way.