ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Most of the reports on instrumentalists' experiences of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been reported not by clinical examinations but by subjective questionnaires. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical signs and subjective symptoms of TMD in a large number of instrumentalists objectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 739 musicians from a diverse range of instrument groups completed a TMD questionnaire. Among those who reported at least one symptom of TMD, 71 volunteers underwent clinical examinations and radiography for diag-nosis. RESULTS: Overall, 453 participants (61.3%) reported having one or more symptoms of TMD. The most frequently reported symptom was a clicking or popping sound, followed by temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, muscle pain, crepitus, and mouth opening limitations. Compared with lower-string instrumentalists, a clicking or popping sound was about 1.8 and 2 times more frequent in woodwind and brass instrumentalists, respectively. TMJ pain was about 3.2, 2.8, and 3.2 times more frequent in upper-string, woodwind, and brass instrumentalists, respectively. Muscle pain was about 1.5 times more frequent in instrumentalists with an elevated arm position than in those with a neutral arm position. The most frequent diagnosis was myalgia or myofascial pain (MFP), followed by disc displacement with reduction. Myalgia or MFP was 4.6 times more frequent in those practicing for no less than 3.5 hours daily than in those practicing for less than 3.5 hours. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that playing instruments can play a contributory role in the development of TMD.
Subject(s)
Arm , Diagnosis , Mouth , Myalgia , Radiography , Temporomandibular Joint , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , VolunteersABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Most of the reports on instrumentalists' experiences of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been reported not by clinical examinations but by subjective questionnaires. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical signs and subjective symptoms of TMD in a large number of instrumentalists objectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 739 musicians from a diverse range of instrument groups completed a TMD questionnaire. Among those who reported at least one symptom of TMD, 71 volunteers underwent clinical examinations and radiography for diag-nosis. RESULTS: Overall, 453 participants (61.3%) reported having one or more symptoms of TMD. The most frequently reported symptom was a clicking or popping sound, followed by temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, muscle pain, crepitus, and mouth opening limitations. Compared with lower-string instrumentalists, a clicking or popping sound was about 1.8 and 2 times more frequent in woodwind and brass instrumentalists, respectively. TMJ pain was about 3.2, 2.8, and 3.2 times more frequent in upper-string, woodwind, and brass instrumentalists, respectively. Muscle pain was about 1.5 times more frequent in instrumentalists with an elevated arm position than in those with a neutral arm position. The most frequent diagnosis was myalgia or myofascial pain (MFP), followed by disc displacement with reduction. Myalgia or MFP was 4.6 times more frequent in those practicing for no less than 3.5 hours daily than in those practicing for less than 3.5 hours. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that playing instruments can play a contributory role in the development of TMD.
Subject(s)
Arm , Diagnosis , Mouth , Myalgia , Radiography , Temporomandibular Joint , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , VolunteersABSTRACT
In the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) officially launched its national DNA database. This database, named the combined DNA Index System (CODIS), included one gender-determining amelogenin and 13 polymorphic short tandem repeats (STR) loci. To introduce a new STR system, a population database for the relevant population must be established for the statistical analysis of forensic cases. AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit (Profiler Plus Kit) and AmpFlSTR COfiler PCR Amplification Kit (COfiler Kit) are required to obtain information from all the 13 CODIS core STR loci. Study on 9 STR loci using Profiler Plus kit was already performed in a Korean population, but not yet on 6 STR loci using COfiler Kit. This study intends to evaluate usefulness of 6 COfiler STR loci (D3S1358, D16S539, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D7S820) in forensic identification. Buccal swab samples obtained from 300 randomly selected unrelated Koreans. DNA was extracted from the buccal swab samples and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the COfiler Kit to amplify it. And using automated DNA sequencer and computer program, the allele and genotype frequency distribution is investigated and statistical analysis was performed for the PCR products. The following results were obtained: 1. The observed heterozygosity at each STR locus ranged from 0.650 to 0.800 and the expected heterozygosity at each STR locus ranged from 0.642 to 0.787. 2. The polymorphism information content (PIC) at each STR locus ranged from 0.583 to 0.752 and is higher than 0.5 for all loci to have relatively high information content. 3. The power of discrimination (PD) at each STR locus ranged from 0.811 to 0.921 and the combined power of discrimination is calculated to be 0.999996. 4. The mean exclusion chance (MEC) at each STR locus ranged from 0.386 to 0.576 and the combined mean exclusion chance is calculated to be 0.98088. Based on the results of this study, 6 COfiler STR loci may be useful in forensic identification including finding an individual in relation to criminal case and paternity testing.