Transurethral Rescetion Syndrome after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor in 2 Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis / 대한신장학회지

Transurethral resection syndrome (TURS) is one of the complications of endoscopic transurethral operation with irrigation fluid. TURS comprehensively refer to several clinical symptoms and signs caused by intravascular absorbtion of irrigation fluid, hypertension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, respiratory distress, hypotension, confusion, blindness, seizure, coma, hyponatremia, and hypoosmolarity. TURS is mainly known as the complication of the transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), and rarely found in the procedures such as transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT), hysteroscopy, cystoscopy, and arthroscopy. Only a few cases of TURS after TUR-BT have been reported. The patients on maintenance hemodialysis were restricted in the amount of water intake for volume control. They were susceptible to the absorption of irrigation fluid during TUR-BT since they had anuria. We hereby report the 2 cases maintenance hemodialysis patients who were led to TURS after TUR-BT.

A Study on Physical Fitness in Student Nurses / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify levels of physical fitness in student nurses and to ascertain the relationship among the different aspects of physical fitness of strength, power, muscle endurance, agility, balance and flexibility. METHOD: The participants were 266 students selected from one college of nursing. From May 1 to July 31 in 2003, physical constitution, muscle strength (grip strength, back strength), power (standing long jump), muscle endurance (sit-ups), agility (whole body reaction time-light, sound), balance (close-eyes foot-balance), and flexibility (sitting trunk flexion) were measured. RESULT: The mean(standard deviation) for grip strength was 22.59(3.93) kg., for back strength, 48.52(12.85) kg., for standing long jump, 135.29(20.54) m., for sit-up's, 23.66(9.35) per minute, whole body reaction time (light), 0.43(0.11) sec, whole body reaction time (sound), 0.50(0.16) sec, close-eyes foot-balance, 33.35(38.67) sec, and sitting trunk flexion 34.72(9.37) cm. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the physical fitness of student nurses is very low compared to the results in a report from the Korea Sports Science Institute. It is necessary to include exercise programs for student nurses in order to improve their physical fitness.

Clinical Study on Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Korea / 대한면역학회지

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is one of congenital immunodeficient disease and a rare X-linked or autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent life- threatening infections and granuloma formation. We observed clinical features, laboratory findings and genetic subgroups of 33 children who were diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease in the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital. There were 23 males and 10 females. Activated NBT test of all patients revealed 0% positive cell and mothers of 15 patients had 25%- 75% normal neutrophils in the activated NBT test. According to the result of activated NBT test and family history, the ratio of X-linked and autosomal recessive inheritance was 2:3. There was a significant difference for the age at onset of the first infection in the different genetic subgroups. The X-linked group had the mean onset at 1.98 months of age and autosomal recessive group had a mean onset as late as 3.82 months (p<0.05). The most common type of the first infection was lymphadenopathies (41%) and other infections were skin pustules, fever, perianal abscess, pneumonia and chronic diarrhea. However, the age at diagnosis was not significant in the different genetic subgroups. Lymphadenitis (27%) was the most common infection, and pneumonia, gastrointestinal tract infection, skin infection were also common. The most common infectious agent was Candida sp. (5%) and other microorganisms involved were BCG, coagulase-negative staphylococcus, S. aureus, K/ebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergi/lus sp., and Enterococcus faecium. Chronic condition associated with CGD were hepatomegaly (59%), splenomegaly, and anemia of chronic disease, underweight, and lymphadenopathy. The leukocyte count of patients at diagnosis was within normal limit except in three patients and leukopenia was not observed in any of the patients. The humoral and cellular immunity and complement system were normal, but the level of Ig E in four patients was elevated. Early diagnosis of CGD can be made by suspicion if there are lymphadenitis after BCG vaccination and recurrent pyogenic infections under the first year of age. Though progression in the treatment of CGD, like gene therapy, is concerned, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis by carrier detection and molecular genetic analysis is thought to be necessary.