Monotropein Induced Apoptosis and Suppressed Cell Cycle Progression in Colorectal Cancer Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine whether monotropein has an anticancer effect and explore its potential mechanisms against colorectal cancer (CRC) through network pharmacology and molecular docking combined with experimental verification.@*METHODS@#Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict potential targets of monotropein against CRC. Cell counting kit assay, plate monoclonal assay and microscopic observation were used to investigate the antiproliferative effects of monotropein on CRC cells HCT116, HT29 and LoVo. Flow cytometry and scratch assay were used to analyze apoptosis and cell cycle, as well as cell migration, respectively in HCT116, HT29, and LoVo cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell migration, and the expression of proteins key to the Akt pathway.@*RESULTS@#The Gene Ontology and Reactome enrichment analyses indicated that the anticancer potential of monotropein against CRC might be involved in multiple cancer-related signaling pathways. Among these pathways, RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt1, Akt2), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) were shown as the potential anticancer targets of monotropein against CRC. Molecular docking suggested that monotropein may interact with the 6 targets (Akt1, Akt2, CDK6, MMP9, EGFR, CDC42). Subsequently, cell activity of HCT116, HT29 and LoVo cell lines were significantly suppressed by monotropein (P<0.05). Furthermore, our research revealed that monotropein induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 and increasing Bax, induced G1-S cycle arrest in colorectal cancer by decreasing the expressions of CyclinD1, CDK4 and CDK6, inhibited cell migration by suppressing the expressions of CDC42 and MMP9 (P<0.05), and might play an anticancer role through Akt signaling pathway.@*CONCLUSION@#Monotropein exerts its antitumor effects primarily by arresting the cell cycle, causing cell apoptosis, and inhibiting cell migration. This indicates a high potential for developing novel medication for treating CRC.

A cross-sectional study of contraceptive use and healthcare status among women at different times in the postpartum period / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the use of contraceptive methods， and to evaluate maternal healthcare services utilization among women within 2 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire for women at different postpartum periods who visited a community health clinic with their children from June to November 2021. Data were analyzed using χ2 test and binary logistic regression. ResultsAmong the 1 946 postpartum women surveyed， 1 934 were either married or cohabiting， and1 430 had resumed their sexual life. Among women at 4， 6， 12， 18 and 24 months postpartum， the contraceptive prevalence rates （CPR） were 92.34% （193/209）， 92.16% （235/255）， 87.31% （282/323）， 91.95% （297/323） and 90.00% （288/320）， respectively. The modern contraceptive prevalence rates （mCPR） were 87.08% （182/209）， 87.06% （222/255）， 82.04% （265/323）， 83.09% （271/323） and 85.31% （273/320）， respectively， while the unmet contraceptive needs （UMNs） were 7.66% （16/209）， 7.84% （20/255）， 11.46% （37/323）， 6.81% （22/323） and 10.00% （32/320）， respectively. The use rates of long-acting reversible contraceptive （LARC） methods among women at 6， 12， 18 and 24 months postpartum period were 0.39% （1/255）， 2.17% （7/323）， 0.31% （1/323）， and 2.81% （9/320）， respectively. Among all surveyed subjects， 32.17% （626/1 946） had received postpartum contraceptive services only once， while 27.85% （542/1 946） had not received any postpartum contraceptive services. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the use of contraceptive methods among postpartum women was associated with whether relevant educational services were received after childbirth and during postpartum home visits （all P<0.05）. ConclusionPostpartum women have unmet needs for contraception. Contraceptive guidance at the 42-day postnatal healthcare visit needs to be further strengthened and postpartum contraceptive education could be integrated into the pregnancy care. The quality and effectiveness of contraceptive education during delivery and postpartum home visits， and even at the 42-day postnatal healthcare visit need to be further explored.

Mapping the modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on voxel-based analyses in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Introduction: Seed-based analysis has shown that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can modulate the dysfunctional brain network in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the voxel-based neuropsychological mechanism of taVNS on patients with first-episode MDD is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week course of taVNS on patients with first-episode MDD. Methods: Twenty-two patients with first-episode MDD accepted an 8-week course of taVNS treatment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were performed before and after treatment. Voxel-based analyses were performed to characterize spontaneous brain activity. Healthy controls (n=23) were recruited to minimize test-retest effects. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to ascertain treatment-related changes. Then, correlations between changes in brain activity and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)/Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) remission rate were estimated. Results: Significant group-by-time interactions on voxel-based analyses were observed in the inferior ventral striatum (VSi) and precuneus. Post-hoc analyses showed that taVNS inhibited higher brain activity in the VSi, while upregulating it in the precuneus. Functional connectivity (FC) between the VSi and precuneus decreased. Positive correlations were found between the HAM-D remission rate and changes in brain activity in the VSi. Conclusion: taVNS reduced the FC between VSi and precuneus by normalizing the abnormal spontaneous brain activity of VSi in first-episode MDD patients.

Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on functional connectivity in the related brain regions of patients with depression based on the resting-state fMRI / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the brain effect mechanism and the correlation between brain functional imaging and cognitive function in treatment of depressive disorder (DD) with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) based on the resting-state functional magenetic reasonance imaging (rs-fMRI).@*METHODS@#Thirty-two DD patients were included in a depression group and 32 subjects of healthy condition were enrolled in a normal group. In the depression group, the taVNS was applied to bilateral Xin (CO15) and Shen (CO10), at disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency and current intensity ≤20 mA depending on patient's tolerance, 30 min each time, twice daily. The duration of treatment consisted of 8 weeks. The patients of two groups were undertaken rs-fMRI scanning. The scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were observed in the normal group at baseline and the depression group before and after treatment separately. The differential brain regions were observed before and after treatment in the two groups and the value of degree centrality (DC) of fMRI was obtained. Their correlation was analyzed in terms of HAMD, HAMA and WCST scores.@*RESULTS@#The scores of HAMD and HAMA in the depression group were all higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of HAMD and HAMA were lower than those before treatment in the depression group; the scores of total responses, response errors and perseverative errors of WCST were all lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The brain regions with significant differences included the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left cerebellar peduncles region 1, the left insula, the right putamen, the bilateral supplementary motor area and the right middle frontal gyrus. After treatment, the value of DC in left supplementary motor area was negatively correlated to HAMD and HAMA scores respectively (r=-0.324, P=0.012; r=-0.310, P=0.015); the value of DC in left cerebellar peduncles region 1 was negatively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=-0.322, P=0.013), and the left insula was positively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=0.271, P=0.036).@*CONCLUSION@#The taVNS can modulate the intensity of the functional activities of some brain regions so as to relieve depressive symptoms and improve cognitive function.

Analysis of influence of MR signs on Harris score in ARCO stages 2-4 femoral head necrosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analysis and determine MR signs of Harris score ARCO stages 2-4 in osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH).@*METHODS@#Thirty-four patients with ONFH of ARCO stages 2 to 4 who underwent routine MR, T2 mapping, 3D-SPACE sequence examination and Harris score were retrospectively collected from January 2019 to June 2020, and 3 patients were excluded, and 31 patients were finally included, including 23 males and 8 females, aged from 18 to 62 years old with an average of(40.0±10.8) years old. Among them 21 patients with bilateral femoral head necrosis, totally 52 cases, including 17 with ARCO stage 2 patients, 24 ARCO stage 3, and 11 ARCO stage 4. MR imaging signs (femoral head collapse depth, ONFH index, bone marrow edema, hyperplasia, grade and T2 value of cartilage injury, and joint effusion) were scored and measured on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstation, and the cartilage quantitative parameter T2 value was calculated and measured on Siemens postprocessing workstation. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between various MR signs and Harris score, and then multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine impact of MR signs on Harris hip score.@*RESULTS@#Femoral head collapse depth(r=-0.563, P=0.000), grade of cartilage injury(r=-0.500, P=0.000), and joint effusion (r=-0.535, P=0.000) were negatively correlated with Harris score by Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that joint effusion(β=-6.198, P=0.001) and femoral head collapse depth(β=-4.085, P=0.014) had a significant negative impact on Harris hip score.@*CONCLUSION@#Femoral head collapse depth and joint effusion both had significant negative relationship with Harris hip score. It is recommended to routinely evaluate femoral head collapse depth and joint effusion quantitatively and gradedly, so as to efficiently and accurately assist clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Mechanical circulatory support combined with immunomodulation treatment for patients with fulminant myocarditis: a single-center real-world study / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the mechanical circulatory support (MCS) combined with immunomodulation and the prognosis of patients with fulminant myocarditis. Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 88 patients with fulminant myocarditis admitted to Dongguan Kanghua hospital from Aug. 2008 to Dec. 2020 were included. Medical histories, results of laboratory tests, treatment regimens and clinical outcomes of these patients during their hospitalization were collected from the medical record system. According to the treatment methods, the patients were divided into MCS+immunomodulation group (38 cases), MCS group (20 cases) and traditional treatment group (30 cases). Patients in the MCS+immunomodulation group received intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or IABP combined with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and immunoglobulin or glucocorticoid. Patients in the MCS group only received mechanical circulatory support. Patients in the traditional treatment group received neither mechanical circulatory support nor immunomodulatory therapy, and only used vasoactive drugs and cardiotonic drugs. The in-hospital mortality and length of stay were compared among the three groups. Results: A total of 88 patients with fulminant myocarditis aged (35.0±10.8) years were included, and there were 46 males (52.3%). The mortality of MCS+immunomodulation group (7.9% (3/38) vs. 56.7% (17/30), P=0.001 2) and MCS group (30.0% (6/20) vs. 56.7% (17/30), P=0.002 8) were lower than that of traditional treatment group. Compared with the MCS group, the in-hospital mortality in the MCS+immunomodulation group was lower (P=0.005 4). The most common cause of death was multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The constituent ratios of death in MCS+immunomodulation group, MCS group and traditional treatment group were 3/3, 4/6 and 12/17, respectively. The incidence of MODS in the MCS group (20% (4/20)) and the traditional treatment group (40% (12/30)) was significantly higher than that in the MCS+immunomodulation group (7.9% (3/38)) (both P<0.01). In discharged patients, the hospitalization time of MCS+immunomodulation group was shorter than that of traditional treatment group ((13.4±5.5)d vs. (18.5±7.4)d, P<0.05) and MCS group ((13.4±5.5)d vs. (16.9±8.5)d, P<0.05). Conclusion: MCS combined with immunomodulatory therapy is associated with lower in-hospital mortality and shorter hospital stay in patients with fulminant myocarditis.

Effect of Trans-PRK combined with 0.02% MMC on corneal density in patients with moderate myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the effect of 0.02% mitomycin-C(MMC)on the corneal density after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(Trans-PRK). METHODS: Retrospective case analysis. Selected 28 patients with 56 eyes in moderate myopia who underwent Trans-PRK surgery from January 2021 to June 2021 in our hospital. They were divided into MMC group in 28 eyes with a combination of 0.02% MMC 20s during the surgery and the control group in 28 eyes was not use MMC during the surgery. The Pentacam anterior segment analyzer was used to measured the corneal density in different diameter ranges and different thickness layers before and after surgery at 14d, and after surgery at 1 and 3mo.RESULTS: The total corneal density value of MMC group was 16.60(15.70,17.10 )before the surgery, after the surgery at 14d was 16.63(15.90,17.50 ), at 1mo was 16.57(15.10,16.70 ), at 3mo was 16.04(14.60,16.60 ). The total corneal density value of control group was 16.30(15.50,17.30 )before the surgery, after the surgery at 14d was 16.20(15.20,17.10 ), at 1mo was 16.08(14.90,16.40 )and at 3mo was 15.60(14.60,16.40 ). In the zone of 0-2mm diameter was centered on the corneal vertex, the corneal density of the two groups at 14d after the surgery was higher than those before surgery(P<0.001 ). In the zone of 2-6mm diameter, the corneal density of the two groups at 1mo and 3mo after surgery was higher than those before the surgery(P<0.001). In the zone of 6-10mm, the corneal density of the two groups at 14d, 1 and 3mo after surgery was higher than those before the surgery(P<0.001). In the layer of anterior 120 μm, the corneal density of the two groups at 1mo and 3mo after the surgery was decreased than that before surgery(P<0.01). In the middle layer, the corneal density of the two groups at 1mo after the surgery was decreased than those before surgery(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The use of 0.02% MMC during the operation can reduce the corneal density and increase the corneal light transmittance in the early postoperative period. The occurrence and prognosis of haze can be effectively quantified by observing the changes of corneal optical density in different ranges in different time periods after operation.

Modulation of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on default mode network in patients with primary insomnia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the modulation of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on default mode network (DMN) in patients with primary insomnia (PI).@*METHODS@#A total of 22 PI patients (one patient dropped off and two patients were excluded) were included and treated with taVNS. The bilateral auricular points of Xin (CO15) and Shen (CO10) were selected and treated with disperse-dense wave at frequency of 4 Hz/20 Hz, the intensity was based on the patient's tolerance. taVNS was given once in the morning and once in the evening for 30 minutes each time. The treatment lasted for at least 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At the same time, 16 healthy subjects matched with gender and age were recruited. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was evaluated before and after treatment in PI patients. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of PI patients before and after treatment and healthy subjects at baseline period were collected to observe the effect of taVNS on the functional connection (FC) between posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and whole brain.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the total score of PSQI in PI patients was lower than that before treatment (P<0.01). Compared with healthy subjects, the FC of the left PCC was increased either with the left orbital superior frontal gyrus or with left middle frontal gyrus (P<0.001), and the FC between right PCC and left middle frontal gyrus was increased in PI patients before treatment (P<0.001). Compared before treatment, the FC between left PCC and left middle frontal gyrus was decreased (P<0.05), and the FC of the right PCC was decreased either with the right medial prefrontal cortex or with the left middle frontal gyrus in PI patients after treatment (P<0.001, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#taVNS can modulate the FC between anterior and posterior DMN, and between DMN and cognitive control network of PI patients, which may be one of the brain effect mechanisms of taVNS in the treatment of PI patients.

Significance of expression of AIM2, IL / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Inflammation especially the overexpression of inflammasome and inflammatory cytokines, is one of the important reasons that affect the occurrence and development of acute cerebral infarction, including the initiation of cerebral infarction, the progress and recovery of post-infarction injury. This study aims to explore expressions of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction and its significance.@*METHODS@#A total of 85 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in the cerebral infarction group. They were assigned into mild, moderate, and severe groups according to the severity of neurological deficits. They were assigned into small, middle, and large cerebral infarction groups according to the area of cerebral infarction. They were assigned into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group according to the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on the 90th day after the onset. A total of 85 healthy controls were selected as a control group. The levels of AIM2, IL-1β, and IL-18 in plasma of the cerebral group and the control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#The levels of plasma AIM2, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#Expressions of AIM2, IL-1β, and IL-18 are up-regulated in the plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction, and they are closely related to the severity of neurological deficit, cerebral infarction area, and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction, suggesting that AIM2, IL-1β, and IL-18 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of acute cerebral infarction.

Analysis of oral health contents in middle and high school health textbooks in Korea / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study investigated the contents and structure of chapters on oral health to determine the quality of middle and high school health textbooks. We also comparatively analyzed the learning objectives of these textbooks according to the oral health curriculum proposed by the Virginia Department of Health (VDH) and South Carolina Department of Education (SCDE). @*Methods@#The structure and educational contents of eight health textbooks (middle school, five; high school, three) published in 2019 were analyzed methodologically. We compared the structure and contents between the middle and high school curricula. We also carried out comparisons among five publishing companies. @*Results@#Of the eight health textbooks examined, five (middle school, four; high school, one) had chapters on oral health. In terms of structure, textbooks published by company A had the lowest percentage (0.96%) of pages on oral health. The highest percentage (1.50%) was found in a middle school textbook published by company D. We noted subject-level differences between the curriculum proposed by VDH, SCDE, and that of the published textbooks. There were more keywords pertaining to the definition and development of oral diseases than those for its prevention and management. @*Conclusions@#It is critically important to impart oral health education to middle and high school students for self-management of oral health during adolescence, a period characterized by both rapid physical and psychological development. Therefore, we recommend that all health textbooks should include chapters on oral health. Further, in the health textbooks that already include oral health information, we propose that the revised curricula should include key learning objectives.

Effect evaluation of public health education for on-the-job master students / 上海预防医学

Objective The shortage of health human resources highlights the necessity of high-level public health education.Master of Public Health (MPH) education is an important aspect to improve the ability of public health talents.The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of MPH project on graduates′ career and application of their learned ability in Fudan University. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted among Masters of Public Health who graduated from Fudan University from 2006 to 2013 to investigate the impact of MPH learning on their career and public health competency. Results The contribution of MPH project reported by graduates to the improvement of public health professional competence after graduation ranged from 74.7% to 96.5%.Over 90% graduates thought there were 9 competencies among the 23 public health professional competencies in the study of MPH had certain or greater help to their work.And 49.5% of the graduates thought that their leadership level had improved, and 33% participators thought their personal remuneration increased after graduation. Conclusion This study shows that MPH project can help graduates improve their professional ability, promote the construction of public health leadership, and enhance their self-identity.MPH education project still has room to improve in the ability development of graduates regarding community work and policy making.

Comparison of the anterior and posterior approach in treating four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The optimal surgical approach for four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes and complications between the anterior and posterior approaches for four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.@*METHODS@#A total of 19 patients underwent anterior decompression and fusion and 25 patients underwent posterior laminoplasty and instrumentation in this study. Perioperative information, intraoperative blood loss, clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications were recorded. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, 36-item short form survey (SF-36) score and cervical alignment were assessed.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in JOA scores between the anterior and posterior group preoperatively (11.6 ± 1.6 vs. 12.1 ± 1.5), immediately postoperatively (14.4 ± 1.1 vs. 13.8 ± 1.3), or at the last follow-up (14.6 ± 1.0 vs. 14.2 ± 1.1) (P > 0.05). The JOA scores significantly improved immediately postoperatively and at the last follow-up in both groups compared with their preoperative values. The recovery rate was significantly higher in the anterior group both immediately postoperatively and at the last follow-up. The SF-36 score was significantly higher in the anterior group at the last follow-up compared with the preoperative value (69.4 vs. 61.7). Imaging revealed that there was no significant difference in the Cobb angle at C2-C7 between the two groups preoperatively (-2.0° ± 7.3° vs. -1.4° ± 7.5°). The Cobb angle significantly improved immediately postoperatively (12.3° ± 4.2° vs. 9.2° ± 3.6°) and at the last follow-up (12.4° ± 3.5° vs. 9.0° ± 2.6°) in both groups compared with their preoperative values (P = 0.00). Three patients had temporary dysphagia in the anterior group and four patients had persistent axial symptoms in the posterior group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both the anterior and posterior approaches were effective in treating four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy in terms of neurological clinical outcomes and radiological features. However, the JOA score recovery rate and SF-36 score in the anterior group were significantly higher. Persistent axial pain could be a major concern when undertaking the posterior approach.

Olfactomedin-like 3: possible functions in embryonic development and tumorigenesis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Objective@#Modern medical research has proven that human diseases are directly or indirectly related to genes. At the same time, genetic research has also brought updates to diagnostic techniques. Olfactomedin-like 3 (OLFML3) gene is a novel and clinically valuable gene. In order to better understand the role of OLFML3 in human diseases, we discuss and analyze the characteristics, function, and regulation mechanism of the OLFML3 gene in this review.@*Data sources@#A comprehensive search in PubMed and ScienceDirect database for English up to March 2019, with the keywords of "Olfactomedin-like 3," "Olfactomedin," "extracellular matrix," "Transforming Growth Factor β1," "anoikis-resistance," and "microRNA-155."@*Study selection@#Careful review of all relevant literature, the references of the retrieved articles were also screened to search for potentially relevant papers.@*Results@#OLFML3 is a secreted glycoprotein with 406 amino acid residues, belonging to the Olfactomedin (OLF) family. Due to the particularity of its structure and differential expression, OLFML3 has unique biological functions that could be distinct from other members in the OLF family. The currently known functions include embryonic development function and tumorigenesis. The regulation mechanism is still under investigation. It is directly related to many human diseases.@*Conclusions@#OLFML3 is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is closely involved in embryonic development, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Unfortunately, current research on this important molecule is still very limited. Further investigations on the possible mechanism of OLFML3 biological functions and modulation will help us develop better diagnostics and treatments.

Effect of Soothing Gan (Liver) and Invigorating Pi (Spleen) Recipes on TLR4-p38 MAPK Pathway in Kupffer Cells of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism of inflflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells (KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats and the intervention effect of soothing Gan (Liver) and invigorating Pi (Spleen) recipes on this pathway.@*METHODS@#After 1 week of acclimatization, 120 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table (n=15 per group): normal group, model group, low-dose Chaihu Shugan Powder (, CHSG) group (3.2 g/kg), high-dose CHSG group (9.6 g/kg), low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder (, SLBZ) group (10 g/kg), high-dose SLBZ (30 g/kg) group, and low- and highdose integrated recipe (L-IR, H-IR) groups. All rats in the model and treatment groups were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The treatments were administrated by gastrogavage once daily and lasted for 26 weeks. The liver tissues were detected with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. Levels of liver lipids, serum lipids and transaminases were measured. KCs were isolated from the livers of rats to evaluate the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK by real-time flfluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and proteins expressions of TLR4, p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK by Western blot. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 in KCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#After 26 weeks of HFD feeding, HE and oil red O staining showed that the NASH model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenesis and histopathological features. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited significant increases in body weight, liver weight, liver index, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as TC and TG levels in liver tissues, and significant decrease in serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01), while those indices were significantly ameliorated in the H-IR group (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01). Higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 in KCs were observed in the model group compared with the normal group (Plt;0.01). Significant decreases in TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 were observed in the H-SLBZ, H-IR and L-IR groups compared with the model group (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01). The mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK and protein expressions of TLR4, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK in KCs in the model group were significantly higher than the normal group (Plt;0.01), while those expression levels in the L-IR and H-IR groups were significantly lower than the model group (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Inflflammation in KCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NASH in rats. The data demonstrated the importance of TLR4-p38MAPK signaling pathway in KCs for the anti-inflflammatory effect of soothing Gan and invigorating Pi recipes.

Olfactomedin-like 3: possible functions in embryonic development and tumorigenesis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE@#Modern medical research has proven that human diseases are directly or indirectly related to genes. At the same time, genetic research has also brought updates to diagnostic techniques. Olfactomedin-like 3 (OLFML3) gene is a novel and clinically valuable gene. In order to better understand the role of OLFML3 in human diseases, we discuss and analyze the characteristics, function, and regulation mechanism of the OLFML3 gene in this review.@*DATA SOURCES@#A comprehensive search in PubMed and ScienceDirect database for English up to March 2019, with the keywords of "Olfactomedin-like 3," "Olfactomedin," "extracellular matrix," "Transforming Growth Factor β1," "anoikis-resistance," and "microRNA-155."@*STUDY SELECTION@#Careful review of all relevant literature, the references of the retrieved articles were also screened to search for potentially relevant papers.@*RESULTS@#OLFML3 is a secreted glycoprotein with 406 amino acid residues, belonging to the Olfactomedin (OLF) family. Due to the particularity of its structure and differential expression, OLFML3 has unique biological functions that could be distinct from other members in the OLF family. The currently known functions include embryonic development function and tumorigenesis. The regulation mechanism is still under investigation. It is directly related to many human diseases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#OLFML3 is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is closely involved in embryonic development, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Unfortunately, current research on this important molecule is still very limited. Further investigations on the possible mechanism of OLFML3 biological functions and modulation will help us develop better diagnostics and treatments.

Integrated analysis of hypoxia-induced miR-210 signature as a potential prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma: a study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of liver cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer mortality with an estimated 745 500 deaths annually (Jemal et al., 2011). Although new therapeutic modalities including novel chemotherapeutic interventions and targeted therapy have been applied, the prognosis of HCC patients remains unsatisfactory due to the high incidence of intrahepatic and distal metastases (Siegel et al., 2018).

GABA Receptor Activity Suppresses the Transition from Inter-ictal to Ictal Epileptiform Discharges in Juvenile Mouse Hippocampus / 神经科学通报·英文版

Exploring the transition from inter-ictal to ictal epileptiform discharges (IDs) and how GABA receptor-mediated action affects the onset of IDs will enrich our understanding of epileptogenesis and epilepsy treatment. We used Mg-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) to induce epileptiform discharges in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices and used a micro-electrode array to record the discharges. After the slices were exposed to Mg-free ACSF for 10 min-20 min, synchronous recurrent seizure-like events were recorded across the slices, and each event evolved from inter-ictal epileptiform discharges (IIDs) to pre-ictal epileptiform discharges (PIDs), and then to IDs. During the transition from IIDs to PIDs, the duration of discharges increased and the inter-discharge interval decreased. After adding 3 μmol/L of the GABA receptor agonist muscimol, PIDs and IDs disappeared, and IIDs remained. Further, the application of 10 μmol/L muscimol abolished all the epileptiform discharges. When the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline was applied at 10 μmol/L, IIDs and PIDs disappeared, and IDs remained at decreased intervals. These results indicated that there are dynamic changes in the hippocampal network preceding the onset of IDs, and GABA receptor activity suppresses the transition from IIDs to IDs in juvenile mouse hippocampus.

Progress in multisensory integration during self motion processing / 生理学报

In the daily life, we perceive the world around us by integrating multiple sensory cues (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive) to create a coherent, reliable representation that allows us to interact meaningfully with the environment. The integration of different sensory information is necessary for our perception, motor transformation, decision making, learning and memory. In the past decades, many interdisciplinary researchers have been attracted to the field of multisensory research, and tremendous advances have been made in this field. We review the researches on multisensory integration during self-motion perception in the past decades from the candidate areas, the integration principles and the neural correlation of the behaviors, with the intention to provide a comprehensive source for those interested in understanding the neural substrates for multisensory integration. Meanwhile, we also provide a prospect for the future research in this field.

Expression and significance of Nrf2/ARE pathway ralated factors in the HepG2 cell model of steatosis / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a new method of establishing HepG2 cell model of steatosis and observe the expression and significance of nuclear factor erythroid-2p45-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidative response element (ARE) pathway related factors in HepG2 cells of steatosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HepG2 cells were induced with DMEM containing 25% fetal bovine serum, 0.1% MCT/LCT Fat Emulsion and 0.1 mmol/L free fatty acid (FFA) at different stages and the control group cells were cultured with normal DMEM medium. After the cell models were successfully established, lipid droplets in cytoplasm were observed with Oil Red 0 staining, and the triglyceride (TG) accumulation in HepG2 cells were tested by biochemical assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration were detected by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malonyldialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were tested by biological reagent kit, while the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2p45-related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and</p><p><b>NAD(P)H</b>quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO1) were analyzed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that in the control group, red cytoplasmic lipid droplets were visible in model group; TG,ROS, NO, MDA concentration (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01)were significantly higher in model group, while SOD, GSH-Px concentration reduced significantly (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The in vitro cell model of steatosis and oxidative stress was successfully established. The activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway related factors maybe relevant to the overreaction of oxidative stress in HepG2 cells of steatosis.</p>

Effect of Resveratrol on Preventing Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis in a Rabbit Model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Prevention of osteonecrosis (ON) has seldom been addressed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on preventing steroid-induced ON in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) NEC (ON) group: thirty rabbits were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) once, then with methylprednisolone (MPS) daily for 3 days; (2) PRE (prevention) group: thirty rabbits were given one dose of LPS, then MPS daily for 3 days, and resveratrol on day 0 and daily for 2 weeks; (3) RES (resveratrol) group: six rabbits were given resveratrol for 2 weeks but without LPS/MPS; (4) CON (control) group: six rabbits were given alcohol for 2 weeks but without LPS/MPS. Levels of plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), thrombomodulin (TM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), maximum enhancement (ME) by magnetic resonance imaging, and ON incidence were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PRE group had a lower ON incidence than the NEC group, but with no significant differences at 2 weeks and 12 weeks. The RES and CON groups did not develop ON. TM and VEGF were significantly higher in the NEC group compared with the PRE group at weeks 1, 2, and 4 (TM: 1 week, P = 0.029; 2 weeks, P = 0.005; and 4 weeks, P = 0.047; VEGF: 1 week, P = 0.039; 2 weeks, P = 0.021; 4 weeks, P = 0.014), but the difference disappeared at 12 weeks. The levels of t-PA and PAI-1 were not significantly different between the NEC and PRE groups. The TM, t-PA, PAI-1, and VEGF concentrations in the RES and CON groups did not change over time. Compared to the baseline, ME in the NEC group decreased significantly (P = 0.025) at week 1, increased significantly (P = 0.021) at week 2, and was decreased at week 12. The variance was insignificant in the PRE group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Resveratrol may improve blood supply to bone in a rabbit model of ON of the femoral head via anti-inflammatory effects to protect the vascular endothelium and reduce thrombosis.</p>