Two new compounds from rifamycin resistant mutant strain Streptomyces sp. HS-NF-1046R / 药学学报

Using silica gel column chromatography, gel chromatography and HPLC, we isolated secondary metabolites in fermentation broth of a rifamycin resistant mutation strain Streptomyces sp. HS-NF-1046R. Based on spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of three compounds were identified as 3-hydroxyl-2-N-propionyl- anthranilamide (1), 2,3-dihydro-8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl quinazolin-4-(1H)-one (2) and 2-aminobenzamide (3). Compounds 1 and 2, as new entities, were evaluated for cytotoxicity against A549, HepG2, HCT-116 and K562 cells using the SRB assay. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited no cytotoxicity with IC50 over 100 μmol·L-1.

Systematic review of Kudiezi injection drug safety / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the safety of Kudiezi injection. Databases such as Cochrane library, Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and Chinese Clinical Trial Register were searched to collect the literature on all the study types of Kudiezi injection. Two researchers screened literature, assessed quality and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies were assessed by using internationally recognized methodological quality assessment tools or reporting quality evaluation criteria; Meta-analysis of adverse drug reaction/adverse events (ADR/AE) of Kudiezi injection was performed by using Stata 12.0 software. There were 411 clinical studies included, out of which 315 studies were analyzed finally. 18 072 patients in total used kudiezi injection, and there were 330 cases with ADRs and 13 cases with AEs. The most common ADR related system was the central and peripheral nervous system, with a weighted incidence of 2.9% [95%CI(0.022, 0.036)]. From the current evidence, the overall safety of Kudiezi injection was acceptable. Although data could be collected from all kinds of published reports, there are lack of mechanism experiments or observational studies with large samples of Kudiezi injection. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research on the safety of Kudiezi injection. Meanwhile, off label use of Kudiezi injection is common, so it is urgent for relevant governmental departments to formulate drug use specifications and provide better guidance for clinical drug use.

Shenshuaining capsules as adjuvant treatment for chronic renal failure： systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials / 中国中药杂志

Chronic renal failure(CRF) is one of the common diseases. Shenshuaining capsule (SSN) can be used to treat patients with CRF, and many randomized control trials(RCTs) have been conducted to investigate its efficacy. The current review aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of SSN as an adjuvant treatment for patients with CRF. Eleven English and Chinese electronic databases (up to October 2015), were searched to identify RCTs on SSN for CRF. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of included studies by using Cochrane Handbook 5.1.Meta-analysis was carried out by using Revman 5.3 software. If the Meta-analysis was not suitable for some outcomes, only descriptive analysis would be conducted.429 related articles were identified and finally a total of 25 RCTs (1 937 patients including 1 059 patients of treatment group and 878 patients of control group) were included. The SSN treatment group was more effective than the control group in terms of clinical efficiency, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr) and creatinine clearance(Ccr). However, the efficacy of SSN on increasing hemoglobin (Hb) could not be determined. No serious adverse drug events or reactions were reported. SSN capsules have certain efficacy and safety in the adjuvant treatment for chronic renal failure. However, due to the generally low methodological quality of the included studies, this review can not provide high-quality evidence to prove the clinical efficacy of this drug. More well-designed and large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the future for verification.

Systematic review on safety of Xinyuan capsules / 中国中药杂志

To systematically review the adverse drug reactions/adverse events(ADRs/AEs) of Xinyuan capsules in clinical application. A systematic literature search was performed in the databases of the Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, the Web of Science, Clinical trials, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data and CBM. The literature was screened and data was extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Because of the substantial heterogeneity among different studies, we assessed them only with descriptive analysis by study type, disease diagnosis, and ADRs/AEs conditions. All included studies were assessed by using the internationally recognized report quality evaluation standard or methodological quality assessment tools. A total of 42 studies involving 3 671 patients were included finally. Two thouand four hundred and thirty-mine patients of them took Xinyuan capsules, and 1 242 patients did not take Xinyuan capsules. No serious ADRs occurred in all patients. One patient died as AE during the research. Sixteen patients of the 2 439 patients taking Xinyuan capsules (alone or in combination) had ADRs, including 7 patients with polytherapy of Xinyuan capsules and 9 patients with monotherapy. The most common ADRs were in gastrointestinal tract, mainly including thirst, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, etc. The ADRs included 10 gastrointestinal tract ADRs, 3 renal ADRs and 1 ADR respective in skin system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system. Xinyuan capsules was generally safe in clinical application. The reports on the study of Xinyuan capsules were dispersed in various clinical studies, the study on drug safety still should be strengthened in the future. Further mechanism studies or clinical observation studies of the drug safety shall be conducted to better guide clinical application in the future.

Study on efficacy of liujunzi decoction combined with zuojin pills in treating acute radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills in treating the radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism, and compare with clinical routine acid suppressants combined with mucous membrane protective preparations to study the mechanism of their efficacy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the study of Williams J P and characteristics of duodenitis, and by reference to the radiation enteritis modeling standard, we took the lead in establishing the mouse radioactive duodenal injury model. The model mice were randomly divided into the control group (n = 26), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 16) and the western medicine (oral administration with famotidine 0.5 mL + almagate suspension 0.3 mL per mouse, once a day) group (n = 16). After the standard administrating, such objective indexes as general condition, weight, changes in health score, pathology and expression of inflammatory factors were observed to evaluate the efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The radioactive duodenitis model of mice was successfully established with 12 Gy. Mice in the control group suffered from weight loss, anorexia, low fluid intake, loose stools, and occasionally mucous bloody stool, poor spirit, dim fur, lack of exercise and arch back. Mice in drug intervention groups were generally better than those in the pure irradiation group. The IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha mRNA expressions in spleen and mesenteric lymph node tissues in TCM and western medicine groups showed a declining trend compared with the control group. Their concentrations in peripheral blood serum also slightly changed. The TCM group revealed notable advantage in reducing inflammatory factors. The microscopic observation showed that a better mucosa repair in intervention groups than the pure irradiation group. The improved Chiu's scoring method showed a statistical significance in the difference between TCM and western medicine groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills could treat acute radiation enteritis, regulate organic immunity, and inhibit acute injury, promote local tissue repair, with the potential to resist such adverse effects as radiation intestinal fibrosis. The regulation of inflammatory factor release is one of efficacy generation mechanisms.</p>

Polymorphism analysis of human cytomegalovirus UL150 gene in low passage clinical isolates / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus UL150 gene in low passage clinical isolates and try to study the relationship between the polymorphism and different pathogenesis of congenital HCMV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR was performed to amplify the entire HCMV UL150 gene region of 29 clinical isolates, which had been proven containing detectable HCMV-DNA by using FQ-PCR. PCR amplification products were sequenced directly and the data were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>25 among 29 isolates were amplified and 18 isolates were sequenced successfully. By comparison with the sequence of Toledo and Merlin, the length of UL150 ORFs in all 18 clinical isolates was similar to that of Merlin than Toledo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HCMV UL150 DNA and deduced amino acid sequences is hypervariability.</p>

Polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus UL134 gene in low-passage clinical isolates / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) displays genetic polymorphisms. Nineteen open reading frames (ORFs, UL133-UL151) found in the Toledo strain of HCMV and other low-passage clinical isolates may be essential for viral infection. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of HCMV UL134 gene in clinical isolates and explore the relationship between the polymorphism and HCMV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR was performed to amplify entire UL134 region in 32 clinical isolates, which had been proven as HCMV-DNA positive by FQ-PCR. PCR products were sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the 32 isolates were amplified and sequenced successfully. HCMV UL134 gene was highly conserved in the clinical isolates. UL134 ORF and its predicted protein in the clinical strains displayed 96.4%-98.3% nucleotide identity and 92.7%-94.9% amino acid identity respectively compared to those in the Toledo strain. A new posttranslational modification site, sulfationcamp (SUL) site, was found in UL134 protein of all of the clinical isolates except 35j.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HCMV UL134 gene in clinical isolates was highly conserved. No substantial relation was found between UL134 gene and HCMV infectious diseases.</p>