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Purpose@#To document changes in the optical coherence biometry data over 1 year of Korean children aged 6 to 9 years with myopia and hyperopia. @*Methods@#We used fluorescein angiography to retrospectively study changes in refractive errors over 1 year in 60 children who visited our hospital between December 2019 and June 2022. The IOL master 700 platform was used to derive axial length, corneal curvature (the K value), central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and the white-to-white size at 1-year intervals. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests were used to compare the values. A p-value < 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference. @*Results@#The mean ages of hyperopic and myopic children were 6.27 ± 0.87 and 6.93 ± 0.87 years at initial presentation. Significant 1-year changes in axial length, anterior depth, and lens thickness were apparent. The mean corneal curvature, and central corneal and lens thicknesses were significantly higher in hyperopic than myopic children but the axial length and anterior chamber depth were significantly greater in myopic children. However, after 1 year, the lens thicknesses did not significantly differ between the two groups. @*Conclusions@#Over 1 year of early life, changes in the mean corneal curvature and lens thickness were significant in hyperopic children and changes in the axial length and anterior depth were significant in myopic children. Thus, the eye growth pattern may differ between hyperopic and myopic children.
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Purpose@#We report an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma diagnosed by biopsy in a patient who presented with an eyelid mass.Case summary: A 64-year-old male presented with a 3 × 3 mm solitary, painless pinkish mass on the right lower eyelid that had developed over the past year. The mass was excised and a biopsy was performed. The pathological findings included basaloid nodules composed of cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, focal mucin production, and occasional glandular structures. Immunohistochemical examination was positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK-7), tumor protein 63 (P63), and the androgen receptor (AR). The patient was thus diagnosed with an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma. The lesion healed, and there has been no sign of recurrence over 6 months of follow-up. @*Conclusions@#An endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma is a very rare low-grade glandular malignancy that has not been reported in Korea previously. The prognosis is good (i.e., there is no recurrence) when the lesion is completely surgically excised. We thought it would be useful to report this very rare case.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder characterized by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs and an urge to move the legs, usually at night. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of RLS in patients with late life depression and its influence on various clinical outcomes such as severity of depression, sleep quality, cognitive function, and quality of life and accordingly, to elucidate the clinical significance of RLS in patients with late life depression (LLD). METHODS: This study enlisted 170 depressive patients aged 65 years or older from an outpatient clinic. Structured diagnostic interviews were performed using the Korean version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. All patients completed the questionnaires, including the International RLS Severity Scale, the Korean version of Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The severity of depression was evaluated by the Korean form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) and the level of global cognition was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (MMSE-KC). RESULTS: The incidence of RLS was 17.6% in LLD patients. RLS was more prevalent among the subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) than those with minor depressive disorder or subsyndromal depressive disorder. The RLS group showed higher score in the KGDS than the Non-RLS group but the difference did not reach the statistical significance (p = 0.095, Student t-test). The mean PSQI score was significantly higher in the RLS group than in the Non-RLS group (p = 0.001, Student t-test). The MMSE-KC score was also lower in the RLS group than in Non-RLS group (p = 0.009, analysis of covariance). But, there was no difference in the score of SF-36 between the RLS group and the Non-RLS group. CONCLUSIONS: RLS is common in LLD patients, especially in the patients with MDD and is associated with poor sleep quality and cognitive dysfunction, indicating that RLS is clinically significant in patients with LLD. Therefore, RLS should be considered as an important clinical issue in the management of LLD.